how to cite a journal article review

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
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• Biblical Sources
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• How to Cite: Other
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Table of Contents

Journal article from library database with doi - one author, journal article from library database with doi - multiple authors, journal article from a website - one author.

Journal Article- No DOI

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

• APA 7th. ed. Journal Article Reference Checklist

If an item has no author, start the citation with the article title.

When an article has one to twenty authors, all authors' names are cited in the References List entry. When an article has twenty-one or more authors list the first nineteen authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name. Rules are different for in-text citations; please see the examples provided.

Cite author names in the order in which they appear on the source, not in alphabetical order (the first author is usually the person who contributed the most work to the publication).

Italicize titles of journals, magazines and newspapers. Do not italicize or use quotation marks for the titles of articles.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

If an item has no date, use the short form n.d. where you would normally put the date.

Volume and Issue Numbers

Italicize volume numbers but not issue numbers.

Retrieval Dates

Most articles will not need these in the citation. Only use them for online articles from places where content may change often, like a free website or a wiki.

Page Numbers

If an article doesn't appear on continuous pages, list all the page numbers the article is on, separated by commas. For example (4, 6, 12-14)

Library Database

Do not include the name of a database for works obtained from most academic research databases (e.g. APA PsycInfo, CINAHL) because works in these resources are widely available. Exceptions are Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertations, and UpToDate.

Include the DOI (formatted as a URL: https://doi.org/...) if it is available. If you do not have a DOI, include a URL if the full text of the article is available online (not as part of a library database). If the full text is from a library database, do not include a DOI, URL, or database name.

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

• APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Smith, K. F. (2022). The public and private dialogue about the American family on television: A second look. Journal of Media Communication, 50 (4), 79-110. https://doi.org/10.1152/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02864.x

Note: The DOI number is formatted as a URL: https://doi.org/10.1152/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02864.xIf

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Smith, 2000)

In-Text Quote:

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

Example: (Smith, 2000, p. 80)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.

Note: In the reference list invert all authors' names; give last names and initials for only up to and including 20 authors. When a source has 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author’s name. Don't include an ampersand (&) between the ellipsis and final author.

Note : For works with three or more authors, the first in-text citation is shortened to include the first author's surname followed by "et al."

Reference List Examples

Two to 20 Authors

Case, T. A., Daristotle, Y. A., Hayek, S. L., Smith, R. R., & Raash, L. I. (2011). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3 (2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010

21 or more authors

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetma, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 77 (3), 437-471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2

In-Text Citations

Two Authors/Editors

(Case & Daristotle, 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)

Three or more Authors/Editors

(Case et al., 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case et al., 2011, p. 57)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number if given). URL

Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area.  Electronic Green Journal, 1 (30). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4

Example: (Flachs, 2010)

Example: (Flachs, 2010, Conclusion section, para. 3)

Note: In this example there were no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers; in this case you can cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from. If there are no page or paragraph numbers and no marked section, leave this information out.

Journal Article - No DOI

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. URL [if article is available online, not as part of a library database]

Full-Text Available Online (Not as Part of a Library Database):

Steinberg, M. P., & Lacoe, J. (2017). What do we know about school discipline reform? Assessing the alternatives to suspensions and expulsions.  Education Next, 17 (1), 44–52.  https://www.educationnext.org/what-do-we-know-about-school-discipline-reform-suspensions-expulsions/

Example: (Steinberg & Lacoe, 2017)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page number)

Example: (Steinberg & Lacoe, 2017, p. 47)

Full-Text Available in Library Database:

Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back.  Nature, 463 (2), 433-434.

Example: (Jungers, 2010)

Example: (Jungers, 2010, p. 433)

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• Writing Tips

How to Cite a Review in APA Referencing

• 2-minute read
• 8th November 2020

Reviews of books, films, and other media can be great sources in academic writing. But how do you cite a review using APA referencing ? In this post, we explain the basics of citations and the reference list entry.

In-Text Citations for a Review in APA Style

Citations for a review in APA referencing are similar to those for other sources. This means you cite the reviewer’s surname and year of publication:

One review was especially scathing (Smith, 2001).

In addition, if you quote a print source, make sure to cite a page number:

Smith (2001) dismisses the argument as “puerile” (p. 16).

For more on APA citations, see our blog post on the topic .

Reviews in an APA Reference List

The format for a review in an APA reference list will depend on where it was published. For instance, for a review published in a newspaper, you would cite it as a newspaper article . But for a review published on a blog or website, you would cite it as a blog post or website instead.

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In all cases, though, you will need to adapt the format by adding details of the thing being reviewed in square brackets after the review title.

You can see APA-style references for reviews from an academic journal and a website below, complete with this extra information:

Smith, G. (2001). A backward step for applied ethics [Review of the book Righteous Thought, Righteous Action , by X. Morrison]. Journal of Applied Philosophy , 18(1), 16–24.

Bert, E. (2018). Neil Breen outdoes himself again [Review of the film Twisted Pair , by N. Breen, Dir.]. BadMovieCentral. http://www.badmoviecentral.com/reviews/twisted-pair/

This ensures the reader can identify both the review you’re citing and the thing being reviewed from the reference list entry alone.

Expert APA Proofreading

To make sure your references are all in order, as well as the rest of your academic writing, check out our free online APA guide . You might also want to get your work proofread by one of our APA experts. Learn more about our APA proofreading services here.

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APA 7th Referencing

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APA 7th Referencing: Journal Articles

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On this page

Basic format to reference journal articles.

• Referencing journal articles: Examples

APA Referencing: journal articles from Victoria University Library on Vimeo .

Select the 'cc' on the video to turn on/off the captions.

A basic reference list entry for a journal article in APA must include:

• Author or authors.  The surname is followed by first initials.
• Year of publication of the article (in round brackets).
• Article title.
• Journal title (in italics ).
• Volume of journal (in italics ).
• Issue number of journal in round brackets (no italics).
• Page range of article.
• DOI  or URL
• The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent line is indented 5-7 spaces.

Example:  

Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care , 26 (8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162

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• Harvard Referencing for Journal Articles | Templates & Examples

Harvard Referencing for Journal Articles | Templates & Examples

Published on 20 May 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 7 November 2022.

In Harvard style, to reference a journal article, you need the author name(s), the year, the article title, the journal name, the volume and issue numbers, and the page range on which the article appears.

If you accessed the article online, add a DOI (digital object identifier) if available.

Scribbr’s free Harvard reference generator can instantly create accurate references for a wide variety of source types:

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Table of contents

Online-only journal articles, articles with multiple authors, referencing a whole issue of a journal, referencing a preprint journal article, frequently asked questions about referencing journal articles in harvard style.

To reference an online journal article with no print version, always include the DOI if available. No access date is necessary with a DOI. Note that a page range may not be available for online-only articles; in this case, simply leave it out, as in this example.

Online-only article with no DOI

When you need to reference an online-only article which doesn’t have a DOI, use a URL instead – preferably the stable URL often listed with the article. In this case, you do need to include an access date.

Note that if an online article has no DOI but does have a print equivalent, you don’t need to include a URL. The details of the print journal should be enough for the reader to locate the article.

Prevent plagiarism, run a free check.

Journal articles often have multiple authors. In both your in-text citations and reference list, list up to three authors in full. Use the first author’s name followed by ‘ et al. ’ when there are four or more.

When you want to reference an entire issue of a journal instead of an individual article, you list the issue editor(s) in the author position and give the title of the issue (if available) rather than of an individual article.

When you reference an article that’s been accepted for publication but not yet published, the format changes to acknowledge this.

If it’s unknown where or whether the article will be published, omit this information:

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In Harvard referencing, up to three author names are included in an in-text citation or reference list entry. When there are four or more authors, include only the first, followed by ‘ et al. ’

In Harvard style , when you quote directly from a source that includes page numbers, your in-text citation must include a page number. For example: (Smith, 2014, p. 33).

You can also include page numbers to point the reader towards a passage that you paraphrased . If you refer to the general ideas or findings of the source as a whole, you don’t need to include a page number.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, November 07). Harvard Referencing for Journal Articles | Templates & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 14 May 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/harvard-journal-article-reference/

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How to Cite a Review

Last Updated: October 11, 2022 References

This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Jennifer Mueller is a wikiHow Content Creator. She specializes in reviewing, fact-checking, and evaluating wikiHow's content to ensure thoroughness and accuracy. Jennifer holds a JD from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 2006. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 1,732 times.

When you're writing a research paper, you might want to use a review of a book as a source. Articles reviewing movies or other productions are cited the same way as an article in the same format However, review citations for books include additional information that isn't included in a normal article citation. The specific format differs depending on whether you're using the Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), or Chicago style citation method.

• Example: Potter, Harry.

• Example: Potter, Harry. Review of Break with a Banshee , by Gilderoy Lockhart.
• If the book review has its own title that refers to the title of the book reviewed and the name of the author, simply include the title of the review in quotation marks, using title case.

• Example: Potter, Harry. Review of Break with a Banshee , by Gilderoy Lockhart. The Leaky Cauldron Digest , 18 Mar. 2012, p. 44.

• Example: Potter, Harry. Review of Break with a Banshee , by Gilderoy Lockhart. The Leaky Cauldron Digest , 18 Mar. 2012, p. 44. www.leakycauldrondigest.org/reviews/lockhart/break

MLA Works Cited Entry:

AuthorLast, First. Review of Book Title , by First Last. Publication , Day Mo. Year, p. #. DOI/URL.

• For example, you might write: Experience with a banshee would demonstrate that they aren't fond of tea, as Lockhart suggests (Potter 44).

• Example: Weasley, R.

• Example: Weasley, R. (2020, May 4).

• Example: Weasley, R. (2020, May 4). Making sense of the senseless [Review of the book Gadding with Ghouls by G. Lockhart].

• Example: Weasley, R. (2020, May 4). Making sense of the senseless [Review of the book Gadding with Ghouls by G. Lockhart]. Hogwarts Literary Journal, 7 (2), 22-38.

• Example: Weasley, R. (2020, May 4). Making sense of the senseless [Review of the book Gadding with Ghouls by G. Lockhart]. Hogwarts Literary Journal, 7 (2), 22-38. https://hogwarts.edu/lit/reviews/weasley_lockhart

APA Reference List Entry:

AuthorLast, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of review [Review of the book Book title by A. Author]. Journal title, volume number (issue number), first page-last page. DOI/URL

• For example, you might write: Despite that Lockhart claimed his numerous published works were nonfiction, the reality was that the wizard had never encountered most of the creatures discussed therein (Weasley, 2020).
• If you include the name of the author in the text of your paper, simply place a parenthetical with the year of publication immediately after the author's name.
• If you quoted the review directly, type a comma after the year in your parenthetical citation and include the page number or page range where the quoted material can be found, using the abbreviation "p." or "pp."

• Example: Granger, Hermione.

• Example: Granger, Hermione. Review of Holidays with Hags , by Gilderoy Lockhart.

• Example: Granger, Hermione. Review of Holidays with Hags , by Gilderoy Lockhart. The Modern Witch 2, no. 4 (December, 2019): 399-432.

• Example: Granger, Hermione. Review of Holidays with Hags , by Gilderoy Lockhart. The Modern Witch 2, no. 4 (December, 2019): 399-432. https://modernwitch.org/2-4/reviews/lockhart_granger.

Chicago Bibliography Format:

AuthorLast, First. Review of Book Title , by AuthorFirst Last. Periodical Title #, no. # (Month Year): ###-###. URL/DOI.

• Example: Hermione Granger, review of Holidays with Hags , by Gilderoy Lockhart, The Modern Witch 2, no. 4 (December, 2019): 399-432, https://modernwitch.org/2-4/reviews/lockhart_granger.

Expert Q&A

• If any element of a citation isn't available, simply skip that element and move onto the next. There's generally no need to indicate that the element isn't available. The only exception is in APA style, when you would use "n.d." if the source doesn't have a date of publication. [17] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ https://libguides.css.edu/c.php?g=41682&p=265044
• ↑ https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/mla/reviews
• ↑ https://library.rit.edu/citations/apa/book-review-apa
• ↑ https://bowvalleycollege.libanswers.com/faq/202826
• ↑ https://library.ulethbridge.ca/chicagostyle/articles/review
• ↑ https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/chicago17/book-review
• ↑ https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/missing-information

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Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Book Reviews

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Book review - in a journal, book review - in a magazine, book review - on a website, books with editors in place of authors.

Some books have an editor or editors in place of an author. For editors, include the abbreviation ed. following the editor's name (or eds. for more than one editor). However, this abbreviation is not included in shortened footnotes.

Henry Findell, ed. 

Findell, Henry, ed. 

Eric Small and Will Rhodes, eds. 

Small, Eric, and Will Rhodes, eds.

1. Reviewer's First Name Last Name, "Title of Review [if any]," review of  Title of Book: Subtitle if Any,  by Book Author/Editor's First Name Last Name, Name of  Journal in which review appears  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

Bibliography Entry:

Reviewer's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Review [if any]." Review of  Title of Book: Subtitle if Any,  by Book Author/Editor's First Name Last Name.  Name of Journal in which review appears  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

This citation format is for book reviews found in a journal from a library database. For other types of journals (e.g. in print or from a website), begin the citation as shown above, up to and including the book author's name. Then complete the citation starting at  Name of Journal using the appropriate citation format as shown on the Journal Articles section of the Chicago Citation Guide.

1. Reviewer's First Name Last Name, "Title of Review [if any]," review of  Title of Book: Subtitle if Any,  by Book Author/Editor's First Name Last Name, Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication, Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

Reviewer's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Review [if any]." Review of  Title of Book: Subtitle if Any,  by Book Author/Editor's First Name Last Name.  Name of Magazine,  Date of Publication. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

This citation format is for book reviews found in a magazine from a library database. For other types of magazines (e.g. in print or from a website), begin the citation as shown above, up to and including the book author's name. Then complete the citation starting at Name of Magazine  using the appropriate citation format as shown on the Magazine Articles section of the Chicago Citation Guide.

1. Reviewer's First Name Last Name, "Title of Review [if any]," review of  Title of Book: Subtitle if Any,  by Book Author/Editor's First Name Last Name, Title of Website, Name of Owner or Sponsor of the Website [if different from Title of Website], Date of copyright or modification or access, URL. 

Reviewer's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Review [if any]." Review of  Title of Book: Subtitle if Any,  by Book Author/Editor's First Name Last Name. Title of Website. Name of Owner or Sponsor of the Website [if different from Title of Website]. Date of copyright or modification or access. URL.

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Journal Article Review in APA Style

Journal article reviews refer to the appraisal of potencies and limitations of an article’s opinion and subject matter. The article reviews offer the readers with an explanation, investigation and clarification to evaluate the importance of the article. A journal article review usually follows the APA style, which is in itself an exceptional mode of writing. Writing a journal article review in APA style requires a thorough reading of an article and then present our personal opinions on its subject matter.

In order to write a journal article review in APA style, one must necessarily conform to the detailed guidelines of APA style of writing. As such, a few tips for writing a journal article review in APA style have been provided in details below.

Tips for Writing Journal Article Review in APA Style

Getting started.

Read the complete article. Most journal articles use highly complicated and difficult language and wording. Thus, it is suggested to read the article thoroughly several times to understand it perfectly. Select a statement that effectively conveys the main idea of your review. Present the ideas in a rational order, keeping in mind that all opinions must sustain the main idea.

Start with a header with citation

Journal article reviews start with a header, including citation of the sources being reviewed. This citation is mentioned at the top of the review, following the APA style (refer to the APA style manual for more information). We will need the author’s name for the article, title of the article, journal of the published article, volume and issue number, publication date, and page numbers for the article.

Write a summary

The introductory paragraph of the review should provide a brief summary of the article, strictly limiting it to one to three paragraphs depending on the article length. The summary should discuss only the most imperative details about the article, like the author’s intention in writing the article, how the study was conducted, how the article relates to other work on the same subject, the results and other relevant information from the article.

Body of the review

The succeeding paragraphs of the review should present your ideas and opinions on the article. Discuss the significance and suggestion of the results of the study. The body of the article review should be limited to one to two paragraphs, including your understanding of the article, quotations from the article demonstrating your main ideas, discussing the article’s limitations and how to overcome them.

Concluding the review

The concluding paragraphs of the review should provide your personal appraisal of the journal article. Discuss whether the article is well-written or not, whether any information is missing, or if further research is necessary on the subject. Also, write a paragraph on how the author could develop the study results, what the information means on a large scale, how further investigation can develop the subject matter, and how the knowledge of this field can be extended further.

Citation and Revision

In-text citation of direct quotes or paraphrases from the article can be done using the author’s name, year of publication and page numbers (refer to the APA-style manual for citation guidelines). After finishing the writing of journal article review in APA style, it would be advised to re-visit the review after a few days and then re-read it altogether. By doing this, you will be able to view the review with a new perspective and may detect mistakes that were previously left undetected.

The above mentioned tips will help and guide you for writing a journal article review in APA style. However, while writing a journal article review, remember that you are undertaking more than just a narrative review. Thus, the article review should not merely focus on discussing what the article is about, but should reveal your personal ideas and opinions on the article.

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How to Review a Journal Article

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For many kinds of assignments, like a  literature review , you may be asked to offer a critique or review of a journal article. This is an opportunity for you as a scholar to offer your  qualified opinion  and  evaluation  of how another scholar has composed their article, argument, and research. That means you will be expected to go beyond a simple  summary  of the article and evaluate it on a deeper level. As a college student, this might sound intimidating. However, as you engage with the research process, you are becoming immersed in a particular topic, and your insights about the way that topic is presented are valuable and can contribute to the overall conversation surrounding your topic.

IMPORTANT NOTE!!

Some disciplines, like Criminal Justice, may only want you to summarize the article without including your opinion or evaluation. If your assignment is to summarize the article only, please see our literature review handout.

Before getting started on the critique, it is important to review the article thoroughly and critically. To do this, we recommend take notes,  annotating , and reading the article several times before critiquing. As you read, be sure to note important items like the thesis, purpose, research questions, hypotheses, methods, evidence, key findings, major conclusions, tone, and publication information. Depending on your writing context, some of these items may not be applicable.

Questions to Consider

To evaluate a source, consider some of the following questions. They are broken down into different categories, but answering these questions will help you consider what areas to examine. With each category, we recommend identifying the strengths and weaknesses in each since that is a critical part of evaluation.

Evaluating Purpose and Argument

• How well is the purpose made clear in the introduction through background/context and thesis?
• How well does the abstract represent and summarize the article’s major points and argument?
• How well does the objective of the experiment or of the observation fill a need for the field?
• How well is the argument/purpose articulated and discussed throughout the body of the text?
• How well does the discussion maintain cohesion?

Evaluating the Presentation/Organization of Information

• How appropriate and clear is the title of the article?
• Where could the author have benefited from expanding, condensing, or omitting ideas?
• How clear are the author’s statements? Challenge ambiguous statements.
• What underlying assumptions does the author have, and how does this affect the credibility or clarity of their article?
• How objective is the author in his or her discussion of the topic?
• How well does the organization fit the article’s purpose and articulate key goals?

Evaluating Methods

• How appropriate are the study design and methods for the purposes of the study?
• How detailed are the methods being described? Is the author leaving out important steps or considerations?
• Have the procedures been presented in enough detail to enable the reader to duplicate them?

Evaluating Data

• Scan and spot-check calculations. Are the statistical methods appropriate?
• Do you find any content repeated or duplicated?
• How many errors of fact and interpretation does the author include? (You can check on this by looking up the references the author cites).
• What pertinent literature has the author cited, and have they used this literature appropriately?

Following, we have an example of a summary and an evaluation of a research article. Note that in most literature review contexts, the summary and evaluation would be much shorter. This extended example shows the different ways a student can critique and write about an article.

Chik, A. (2012). Digital gameplay for autonomous foreign language learning: Gamers’ and language teachers’ perspectives. In H. Reinders (ed.),  Digital games in language learning and teaching  (pp. 95-114). Eastbourne, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Be sure to include the full citation either in a reference page or near your evaluation if writing an  annotated bibliography .

In Chik’s article “Digital Gameplay for Autonomous Foreign Language Learning: Gamers’ and Teachers’ Perspectives”, she explores the ways in which “digital gamers manage gaming and gaming-related activities to assume autonomy in their foreign language learning,” (96) which is presented in contrast to how teachers view the “pedagogical potential” of gaming. The research was described as an “umbrella project” consisting of two parts. The first part examined 34 language teachers’ perspectives who had limited experience with gaming (only five stated they played games regularly) (99). Their data was recorded through a survey, class discussion, and a seven-day gaming trial done by six teachers who recorded their reflections through personal blog posts. The second part explored undergraduate gaming habits of ten Hong Kong students who were regular gamers. Their habits were recorded through language learning histories, videotaped gaming sessions, blog entries of gaming practices, group discussion sessions, stimulated recall sessions on gaming videos, interviews with other gamers, and posts from online discussion forums. The research shows that while students recognize the educational potential of games and have seen benefits of it in their lives, the instructors overall do not see the positive impacts of gaming on foreign language learning.

The summary includes the article’s purpose, methods, results, discussion, and citations when necessary.

This article did a good job representing the undergraduate gamers’ voices through extended quotes and stories. Particularly for the data collection of the undergraduate gamers, there were many opportunities for an in-depth examination of their gaming practices and histories. However, the representation of the teachers in this study was very uneven when compared to the students. Not only were teachers labeled as numbers while the students picked out their own pseudonyms, but also when viewing the data collection, the undergraduate students were more closely examined in comparison to the teachers in the study. While the students have fifteen extended quotes describing their experiences in their research section, the teachers only have two of these instances in their section, which shows just how imbalanced the study is when presenting instructor voices.

Some research methods, like the recorded gaming sessions, were only used with students whereas teachers were only asked to blog about their gaming experiences. This creates a richer narrative for the students while also failing to give instructors the chance to have more nuanced perspectives. This lack of nuance also stems from the emphasis of the non-gamer teachers over the gamer teachers. The non-gamer teachers’ perspectives provide a stark contrast to the undergraduate gamer experiences and fits neatly with the narrative of teachers not valuing gaming as an educational tool. However, the study mentioned five teachers that were regular gamers whose perspectives are left to a short section at the end of the presentation of the teachers’ results. This was an opportunity to give the teacher group a more complex story, and the opportunity was entirely missed.

Additionally, the context of this study was not entirely clear. The instructors were recruited through a master’s level course, but the content of the course and the institution’s background is not discussed. Understanding this context helps us understand the course’s purpose(s) and how those purposes may have influenced the ways in which these teachers interpreted and saw games. It was also unclear how Chik was connected to this masters’ class and to the students. Why these particular teachers and students were recruited was not explicitly defined and also has the potential to skew results in a particular direction.

Overall, I was inclined to agree with the idea that students can benefit from language acquisition through gaming while instructors may not see the instructional value, but I believe the way the research was conducted and portrayed in this article made it very difficult to support Chik’s specific findings.

Some professors like you to begin an evaluation with something positive but isn’t always necessary.

The evaluation is clearly organized and uses transitional phrases when moving to a new topic.

This evaluation includes a summative statement that gives the overall impression of the article at the end, but this can also be placed at the beginning of the evaluation.

This evaluation mainly discusses the representation of data and methods. However, other areas, like organization, are open to critique.

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Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

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Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited periodical sources. For a complete list of how to cite periodical publications, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

APA style dictates that authors are named with their last name followed by their initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized. If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page numbers for the article. If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the website from which you are retrieving the periodical.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.  Title of Periodical , volume number (issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Article in Print Journal

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening.  The New Criterion, 15 (3), 5 – 13.

Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Article in Electronic Journal

As noted above, when citing an article in an electronic journal, include a DOI if one is associated with the article.

Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning.  Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement ,   6 (1), 11 – 16.  https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979

DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL. Many academic journals provide stable URLs that function similarly to DOIs. These are preferable to ordinary URLs copied and pasted from the browser's address bar.

Denny, H., Nordlof, J., & Salem, L. (2018). "Tell me exactly what it was that I was doing that was so bad": Understanding the needs and expectations of working-class students in writing centers. Writing Center Journal , 37 (1), 67 – 98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26537363

Note that, in the example above, there is a quotation in the title of the article. Ordinary titles lack quotation marks.

Article in a Magazine

Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never.  Time, 135 (17), 20 –2 1.

Article in a Newspaper

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.  The Country Today , 1A, 2A.

Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book  The self-knower: A hero under control , by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert].  Contemporary Psychology , 38 (5), 466–467.

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Article Contents

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A global burden in cardiovascular medicine of the 21st century: lower extremity artery disease

The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the Editors of the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology or of the European Society of Cardiology.

Conflict of interest: none declared.

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Oliver Schlager, A global burden in cardiovascular medicine of the 21st century: lower extremity artery disease, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology , Volume 31, Issue 7, May 2024, Pages 801–802, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwae041

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This editorial refers to ‘Global epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease in the 21st century (2000–21): a systematic review and meta-analysis’, by C. Adou et al ., https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwad381.

Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) describes atherosclerotic obstructive disease affecting the lower limb arteries. The clinical spectrum of LEAD comprises asymptomatic patients, patients with typical intermittent claudication or atypical symptoms, and patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. 1 Intermittent claudication and atypical symptoms can be characterized as effort-related symptoms, while chronic limb-threatening ischaemia is defined as a critically low perfusion status, which is associated with an increased risk of limb loss.

Lower extremity artery disease clearly constitutes an advanced manifestation of atherosclerosis, which simultaneously often affects other vascular territories, as well. 2 Hence, LEAD is commonly paralleled by other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. The joint occurrence of LEAD with atherosclerosis in other vascular beds results in an increased cardiovascular mortality, which can be found in symptomatic patients, but also in patients with asymptomatic LEAD. The mortality risk in LEAD increases with increasing clinical severity: in particular, the presence of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia further increases the risk of all-cause mortality [relative risk (RR) 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77–2.89] and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE); non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular death (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25–2.38) when compared with patients with stable, non-critical LEAD. 3

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• Introduction
• Conclusions
• Article Information

Evidence reviews for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) use an analytic framework to visually display the key questions that the review will address to allow the USPSTF to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a preventive service. The questions are depicted by linkages that relate to interventions and outcomes. A dashed line depicts a health outcome that follows an intermediate outcome. Further details are available in the USPSTF Procedure Manual. 22

Articles could be reviewed for more than 1 key question (KQ). Reasons for exclusion: Intervention: Study intervention included prognostic evaluations to inform disease management, secondary diagnostic evaluations, or other interventions in addition to screening. Population: Study was not conducted in an included population. Design: Study did not use an included design. Comparator: Study not conducted with an included comparison group. Outcomes: Study did not have relevant outcomes or had incomplete outcomes. Quality: Study was poor quality. Setting: Study was not conducted in a country relevant to US practice. Screening: Study did not have an included screening test.

eMethods. Literature Search Strategies for Primary Literature

eTable 1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

eTable 2. Quality Assessment Criteria

• Trends in Cardiovascular Health Counseling Among Postpartum Individuals JAMA Original Investigation July 25, 2023 Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, this study evaluates trends (2016-2020) in prevalence of postpartum counseling for healthy eating, exercise, and losing weight gained during pregnancy among individuals with prepregnancy cardiovascular disease risk factors or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Natalie A. Cameron, MD, MPH; Lynn M. Yee, MD, MPH; Brigid M. Dolan, MD, MEd; Matthew J. O’Brien, MD; Philip Greenland, MD; Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc
• USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy JAMA US Preventive Services Task Force September 19, 2023 This 2023 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for hypertensive disorders in pregnant persons with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy (B recommendation). US Preventive Services Task Force; Michael J. Barry, MD; Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Michael D. Cabana, MD, MA, MPH; David Chelmow, MD; Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Carlos Roberto Jaén, MD, PhD, MS; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; Goutham Rao, MD; John M. Ruiz, PhD; James Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Joel Tsevat, MD, MPH; Sandra Millon Underwood, PhD, RN; John B. Wong, MD
• Hypertension Screening in Pregnancy JAMA Editorial September 19, 2023 Anna E. Denoble, MD, MSc; Christian M. Pettker, MD
• Patient Information: Screening for High Blood Pressure Disorders During Pregnancy JAMA JAMA Patient Page September 19, 2023 This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for high blood pressure disorders during pregnancy, and who should be screened. Jill Jin, MD, MPH
• Early Identification of Individuals at Risk for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy JAMA Network Open Editorial September 19, 2023 Janelle Santos, MD; Mauro H. Schenone, MD; Vesna D. Garovic, MD, PhD
• Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in the US—A New Hypertensive Urgency JAMA Internal Medicine Editorial November 1, 2023 Srilakshmi Mitta, MD; Cary P. Gross, MD; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH

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Henderson JT , Webber EM , Thomas RG , Vesco KK. Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy : Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force . JAMA. 2023;330(11):1083–1091. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4934

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Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy : Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

• 1 Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
• 2 CareOregon, Portland
• Editorial Hypertension Screening in Pregnancy Anna E. Denoble, MD, MSc; Christian M. Pettker, MD JAMA
• Editorial Early Identification of Individuals at Risk for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Janelle Santos, MD; Mauro H. Schenone, MD; Vesna D. Garovic, MD, PhD JAMA Network Open
• Editorial Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in the US—A New Hypertensive Urgency Srilakshmi Mitta, MD; Cary P. Gross, MD; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH JAMA Internal Medicine
• Original Investigation Trends in Cardiovascular Health Counseling Among Postpartum Individuals Natalie A. Cameron, MD, MPH; Lynn M. Yee, MD, MPH; Brigid M. Dolan, MD, MEd; Matthew J. O’Brien, MD; Philip Greenland, MD; Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc JAMA
• US Preventive Services Task Force USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy US Preventive Services Task Force; Michael J. Barry, MD; Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Michael D. Cabana, MD, MA, MPH; David Chelmow, MD; Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Carlos Roberto Jaén, MD, PhD, MS; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; Goutham Rao, MD; John M. Ruiz, PhD; James Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Joel Tsevat, MD, MPH; Sandra Millon Underwood, PhD, RN; John B. Wong, MD JAMA
• JAMA Patient Page Patient Information: Screening for High Blood Pressure Disorders During Pregnancy Jill Jin, MD, MPH JAMA

Importance   Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality in the US.

Objective   To conduct a targeted systematic review to update the evidence on the effectiveness of screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources   MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published between January 1, 2014, and January 4, 2022; surveillance through February 21, 2023.

Study Selection   English-language comparative effectiveness studies comparing screening strategies in pregnant or postpartum individuals.

Data Extraction and Synthesis   Two reviewers independently appraised articles and extracted relevant data from fair-or good-quality studies; no quantitative synthesis was conducted.

Main outcomes and measures   Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life.

Results   The review included 6 fair-quality studies (5 trials and 1 nonrandomized study; N = 10 165) comparing changes in prenatal screening practices with usual care, which was routine screening at in-person office visits. No studies addressed screening for new-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the postpartum period. One trial (n = 2521) evaluated home blood pressure measurement as a supplement to usual care; 3 trials (total n = 5203) evaluated reduced prenatal visit schedules. One study (n = 2441) evaluated proteinuria screening conducted only for specific clinical indications, compared with a historical control group that received routine proteinuria screening. One additional trial (n = 80) only addressed the comparative harms of home blood pressure measurement. The studies did not report statistically significant differences in maternal and infant complications with alternate strategies compared with usual care; however, estimates were imprecise for serious, rare health outcomes. Home blood pressure measurement added to prenatal care visits was not associated with earlier diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (104.3 vs 106.2 days), and incidence was not different between groups in 3 trials of reduced prenatal visit schedules. No harms of the different screening strategies were identified.

Conclusions and Relevance   This review did not identify evidence that any alternative screening strategies for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were more effective than routine blood pressure measurement at in-person prenatal visits. Morbidity and mortality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can be prevented, yet American Indian/Alaska Native persons and Black persons experience inequitable rates of adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to identify screening approaches that may lead to improved disease detection and health outcomes.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy include gestational hypertension; preeclampsia-eclampsia; and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. 1 , 2 The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has been steadily increasing over the last several decades, from 500 cases per 10 000 deliveries in 1993 to 1021 cases per 10 000 deliveries in 2016 to 2017, with more than half of these having a diagnosis of preeclampsia-eclampsia (555 cases per 10 000 deliveries). 3 Between 2014 and 2017 hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were responsible for 6.8% of pregnancy-related deaths overall, with the majority of deaths (65%) occurring in the 6 weeks following delivery. 4 , 5 In addition to risks of mortality to pregnant individuals, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contributes to pregnancy-related morbidity and risks to the fetus, including fetal growth restriction and indicated preterm delivery. 6 - 10

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy account for a larger proportion of pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity among Black populations than among White populations. 11 - 16 Due to higher incidence and severity, alongside inequities in the quality of health care due to structural and systemic factors, 17 , 18 the risk of dying of preeclampsia-eclampsia complications is about 5 times greater for Black individuals (3.93 per 100 000 live births) than for White individuals (0.78 per 100 000 live births). 12 , 16 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are also a leading cause of pregnancy-related mortality (≈13% of deaths) among American Indian/Alaska Native people and contributes to higher pregnancy-related mortality among American Indian/Alaska Native persons compared with White persons (29.7 compared with 12.7 per 100 000 live births in 2007-2016). 7 , 11 , 19

In 2017, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screening pregnant women for preeclampsia with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy (grade B). 20 Routine screening for new-onset hypertension via office-based blood pressure measurement can identify individuals who develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, allowing for evidence-based interventions that reduce the risk of pregnancy complications for the pregnant individual and infant. 1 , 20 , 21 This review of comparative effectiveness studies sought evidence on potential refinements to recommended screening practice.

An analytic framework and 3 key questions (KQs) guided the evidence update ( Figure 1 ). Detailed methods and results of this systematic review are available in the full evidence report. 23 This review examines the comparative effectiveness of different screening protocols for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia.

A search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted for literature published between January 1, 2014, and January 4, 2022 (eMethods in the Supplement ). These searches were supplemented by examining reference lists of primary studies and reviews. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for ongoing trials. From January 2022 through February 1, 2023, ongoing surveillance of the literature to identify new studies that might affect the review conclusions or interpretation of the evidence was conducted using article alerts and targeted searches of journals with high impact factors; we identified no new studies that would meet inclusion criteria for this review.

For all KQs, studies were eligible if they addressed the comparative effectiveness of screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using approaches that varied the frequency, setting, or methods of measurement using either randomized or nonrandomized designs. Studies that evaluated the changes in the frequency or timing of prenatal care visits were included if frequency of blood pressure measurement could be determined from study methods. Included studies enrolled populations of pregnant women and pregnant persons of all genders without a known diagnosis of HDP or chronic hypertension. Gender of the included populations in this review and in epidemiologic evidence tends to be inferred based on physiology (ie, pregnancy) rather than reported by patients. Therefore, we adopt inclusive language throughout this review, recognizing that not all pregnant individuals are cisgender women.

Studies were excluded if effects of changes to screening programs could not be separated from the effects of concurrent interventions (eg, patient education, service delivery model). Studies that evaluated the effectiveness of diagnostic testing or monitoring among people with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including those with chronic hypertension in pregnancy, were not eligible for inclusion. The definition of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy includes pregnant individuals with chronic hypertension. However, this review only included studies evaluating screening for new-onset hypertension because individuals entering pregnancy with a diagnosis of chronic hypertension would be subject to ongoing monitoring and assessment recommended for individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Studies of the performance of risk prediction tools were not included in this review, although comparative effectiveness trials involving risk assessment would have been eligible for inclusion (eTable 1 in the Supplement ).

Two investigators independently evaluated whether articles met the review inclusion criteria and rated the risk of bias of included studies following USPSTF procedures for assessing the internal validity of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies of interventions (eTable 2 in the Supplement ). 22 Discrepancies were resolved through discussion and consultation with a third investigator as needed. Study data were extracted into structured forms and checked for errors by a second investigator. Included outcomes were mortality, morbidity related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, measures of health-related quality of life, and adverse events (including missed diagnosis). The strength of the overall body of evidence for each KQ was judged using an adaptation of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) Working Group approach. 24 The Evidence-based Practice Center adaptation 25 addresses 4 domains: consistency, precision, reporting bias, and study quality. Strength of evidence was independently assessed as “High,” “Moderate,” “Low,” or “Insufficient” by at least 2 investigators, with discrepancies resolved through consensus discussion. Given the limited number of studies and their clinical heterogeneity, we did not conduct any quantitative synthesis. Detailed results are available in the full evidence synthesis report. 23

The search identified 6316 titles and abstracts and 82 full-text articles ( Figure 2 ). Six fair-quality studies, 5 RCTs 26 - 30 and 1 nonrandomized study with a historical control 31 (N = 10 165) were included ( Table 1 ). The studies compared usual screening with strategies involving home blood pressure measurement (2 studies, n = 2521), prenatal care schedules with less frequent office visits compared with the usual number (3 studies, n = 5203), and urine screening tests conducted for patients selected based on specific clinical indications, rather than routinely (1 study, n = 2441). Five of the studies 26 , 28 - 31 were included for examination of benefits of alternative screening strategies (KQ1, KQ2), and 1 study 27 of home blood pressure measurement screening was additionally included for harms (KQ3). All studies were conducted during the prenatal period, with no studies examining screening for new-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during the postpartum period. Overall, the strength of the evidence was judged to be insufficient for nearly all comparisons and outcomes available ( Table 2 ).

The effectiveness of home blood pressure measurement in addition to office-based measurement was addressed in 1 fair-quality RCT conducted in the UK (n = 2441). 29 The BUMP 1 (Blood Pressure Monitoring in High Risk Pregnancy to Improve the Detection and Monitoring of Hypertension 1) trial examined the effect of home blood pressure measurement and automated feedback from a mobile-phone application as supplements to routine office-based prenatal care screening. The comparison group received routine office-based screening. Individuals were recruited into the trial based on an increased risk of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy based on common clinical risk factors (eg, nulliparity, age, pregnancy, family history, previous preeclampsia, body mass index >30 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters], twin pregnancy, diabetes). The study population was reported as Asian or Asian British (10%), Black or Black British (8%), White (British, Irish, other) (74%), and “other or mixed” race and ethnicity (not specified by authors) (7%). Approximately 1 of 5 (17%) had a clinical history of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in a prior pregnancy, and a majority were nulliparous (61%). The study examined several serious maternal and infant health outcomes; none were statistically significant between study groups, but most were rare events with imprecise estimated effects. A composite outcome defined as 1 or more serious maternal health complications related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (eclampsia; transient ischemic attack; stroke; HELLP [hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count] syndrome; pulmonary edema; and liver, kidney, or hematologic involvement) was not statistically different between groups (relative risk [RR], 0.79 [95% CI, 0.40-1.55]). The primary study outcome, mean difference between groups in days to detection of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, was less than 2 days (SD, 1.6) and not statistically significant (95% CI, −8.1 to 4.9). The BUMP 1 trial 29 and an additional RCT (n = 80) 27 met inclusion criteria for examining harms of home blood pressure measurement in addition to regular office-based screening (KQ3). Neither study reported differences in anxiety or health-related quality of life during pregnancy or postpartum for individuals using home blood pressure measurement devices.

We identified 3 fair-quality RCTs (n = 5203) that compared different prenatal visit schedules among individuals identified as at low risk for pregnancy complications. 26 , 28 , 30 Those in the intervention group were assigned to reduced prenatal care visit schedules (6-9 visits) relative to standard visit schedules (≈14 visits), thus receiving fewer in-office blood pressure measurements to screen for a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, as well as other counseling and screening services. In all 3 of these trials, the difference in the overall number of visits between study groups was smaller than intended by the trial design, with the difference between groups ranging from 2.2 to 3.2 visits. The studies were underpowered for rare, serious health outcomes and reported no differences between study groups in preterm delivery, perinatal mortality, placental abruption, or postpartum hemorrhage; nor were there differences in the proportion diagnosed with preeclampsia. No differences in anxiety or depression were identified between groups receiving standard compared with reduced prenatal visit schedules.

We identified 1 fair-quality single nonrandomized study that compared a historical control group with routine urine screening at every prenatal visit vs screening only when clinically indicated (eg, based on weight loss, elevated blood pressure, urinary symptoms) (n = 2441). 31 The study enrolled Black women (9%), Hispanic women (75%), White women (19%), and “others” without race and ethnicity information reported (6%). There was no difference in the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy after the transition to indicated urine screening only (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.74-1.36]). There was a reduced risk of preterm delivery with indicated screening compared with the historical comparison group that underwent routine screening (RR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.45-0.90]); no other differences in health outcomes were found. However, reviewers assessed this study as having considerable risk of bias owing to changes in the population and the health care setting over the course of the study.

This review did not find evidence that specific strategies for screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in addition to or as an alternative to standard prenatal visit schedules with in-office blood pressure assessment improved health outcomes or led to earlier or increased detection relative to standard prenatal care. The available evidence on the comparative effectiveness of screening did not suggest that any specific features of screening programs improved health outcomes relative to standard prenatal care. However, the studies addressing these questions were few in number and were underpowered for important pregnancy health outcomes and potential harms of different screening programs. A 2022 literature review of screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy also examined evidence regarding prenatal visit schedules and the use of telehealth visits for routine antenatal care and similarly found limited evidence available for comparing different prenatal schedules and virtual care approaches for antenatal health care and their effects on health outcomes. 32 Telehealth interventions using home blood pressure measurements could improve access to care and strengthen health care connections over the course of pregnancy, especially in settings that have instituted virtual care for some prenatal visits, but the evidence available to assess whether specific innovations involving telehealth might improve outcomes or lead to adverse or unintended consequences is limited. Whether telehealth could help address inequities in health also is uncertain. Evidence from natural experiments in telehealth-delivered prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic may stimulate further research and innovation. 33 , 34

None of the studies identified in this review had adequate power to evaluate outcomes specifically for American Indian/Alaska Native or Black persons, who are the US populations with the highest rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Few or none of the participants in the included studies were from these populations. Inequities in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and related morbidity and mortality for Black individuals are well documented and persistent. 35 , 36 Several frameworks have been developed to describe the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors contributing to health inequities and the higher incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and greater disease severity and mortality among American Indian/Alaska Native and Black individuals. 17 , 37 - 40

Despite evidence that complications from missed diagnoses or emergent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are known to arise postpartum and contribute to poor outcomes, 41 none of the included studies evaluated hypertensive disorders of pregnancy screening in the postpartum period. Opportunities to be screened during the postpartum period may be limited due to clinician and insurance transitions, a focus on the neonate, and reduced continuity of support. 42 - 44 A 2019 systematic review that included 9 observational studies on postpartum monitoring of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes reported a pattern of lower rates of follow-up for Black and Hispanic people than White people in the 6 weeks after delivery. 42 Routine screening during the postpartum period could be important for reducing health inequities, especially in light of emerging evidence that the risk of postpartum preeclampsia diagnosis is twice as high for non-Hispanic Black individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. 45

Another area with limited research is the use of home blood pressure measurement to screen for new-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Although home blood pressure measurement and self-measurement have been used as part of management of care for individuals with diagnosed hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, limited evidence exists for its use as a primary screening tool. The single included trial evaluating supplemental home blood pressure measurement accompanied by automated feedback using a mobile-phone application reported null findings for health benefits but no harms associated with the intervention. 29

Routine measurement of blood pressure during pregnancy has long been a standard of prenatal care. 46 Innovations in screening programs involving changes to standard prenatal visit schedules, virtual visits, and telehealth applications, or the use of home blood pressure measurement, have the potential to influence pregnancy outcomes. Large, well-designed studies to refine prenatal and postpartum screening programs for individuals at different levels of risk for developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are needed, with attention to populations at increased risk for complications from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Establishing evidence-based screening practices will require large studies to evaluate changes to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy screening programs that could improve health outcomes without incurring harms.

This review did not identify evidence that any alternative screening strategies for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were more effective than routine blood pressure measurement at in-person prenatal visits. Morbidity and mortality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can be prevented, yet American Indian/Alaska Native persons and Black persons experience inequitable rates of adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to identify screening approaches that may lead to improved disease detection and health outcomes.

Accepted for Publication: March 14, 2023.

Corresponding Author: Jillian T. Henderson, PhD, Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 ( [email protected] ).

Author Contributions: Dr Henderson had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: All authors.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Henderson, Webber, Vesco.

Drafting of the manuscript: Henderson.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Webber, Thomas, Vesco.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Webber, Thomas.

Supervision: Henderson.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Vesco reported receiving grants from Pfizer Independent Grants for Learning and Change Funding awarded to her institution for a project to develop and test a novel menopause curriculum for medial residents. No other disclosures were reported.

Funding/Support: This research was funded under contract 75Q80120D00004, Task Order 1, from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), US Department of Health and Human Services.

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Investigators worked with USPSTF members and AHRQ staff to develop the scope, analytic framework, and key questions for this review. AHRQ had no role in study selection, quality assessment, or synthesis. AHRQ staff provided project oversight; reviewed the report to ensure that the analysis met methodological standards; and distributed the draft for peer review. Otherwise, AHRQ had no role in the conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript findings. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of AHRQ or the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Additional Contributions: We gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to this project: Iris R. Mabry-Hernandez, MD, MPH (AHRQ); current and former members of the USPSTF who contributed to topic deliberations; and Evidence-based Practice Center staff members Sarah I. Bean, MPH, Neon Brooks, PhD, and Melinda Davies, MAIS, for technical and editorial assistance at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research. USPSTF members, peer reviewers, and federal partner reviewers did not receive financial compensation for their contributions.

Additional Information: A draft version of this evidence report underwent external peer review from 4 content experts (Kimberly D. Gregory, MD, MPH, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Laura A. Magee, MD, King’s College London; Alex Friedman Peahl, MD, MS, University of Michigan; Katherine Tucker, PhD, University of Oxford), and 3 federal partners (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health). Comments were presented to the USPSTF during its deliberation of the evidence and were considered in preparing the final evidence review.

Editorial Disclaimer: This evidence report is presented as a document in support of the accompanying USPSTF recommendation statement. It did not undergo additional peer review after submission to JAMA .

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Recent advancements in radiative cooling textiles for personal thermal management.

To meet the increasing need for outdoor personal thermal management (PTM) since the intensified global warming, radiative cooling (RC) textiles with tunable solar reflectivity and mid-infrared emissivity/transmissivity attributes can dynamically adjust the microenvironment of the human body to provide a cooling effect without consumption of electrical energy, in contrast to the traditional heat preservation function of the commercial clothes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in RC textiles from basic mechanisms, construction methods to emerging applications. The underlying mechanisms of optical absorption/reflection and heat emission properties and typical efficient structures are first discussed to comprehend the principles of RC technique. The corresponding construction strategies of modifying textile materials and structures for improved passive cooling performance are then highlighted. The various applications of RC textiles are also reviewed to demonstrate their practicability and versatility, such as smart clothing, object cooling, enhanced electricity generation, etc. Eventually, we give a brief outlook on the current challenges and future development of RC textiles. This review intends to provide a better understanding of RC techniques for functional textile design and fabrication.

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Correction: Research using population-based administration data integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings: A systematic review

• Fadzai Chikwava,
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Citation: Chikwava F, Cordier R, Ferrante A, O’Donnell M, Speyer R, Parsons L (2024) Correction: Research using population-based administration data integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 19(5): e0303943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303943

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• Case Report
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• Published: 14 May 2024

Pulmonary artery sarcoma affecting the pulmonary valve mistaken as pulmonary vasculitis: a case report and comparative literature review

• Harry James Smith   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-8615 1   na1 ,
• Fadi Al-Zubaidi 1   na1 ,
• Daniel Sitaranjan 1 ,
• Steven Chiu 1 &
• David Jenkins 1  

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery volume  19 , Article number:  288 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Pulmonary arterial sarcomas (PAS) are rare aggressive tumours occurring mainly in the pulmonary trunk. We report a case of PAS involving the pulmonary trunk wall and valve, with uniform wall thickening which represents an atypical imaging manifestation of this tumour. A 63-year-old male presented with vague respiratory symptoms with rapid progression. CTPA showed low density filling defects in both pulmonary arteries and PET scan showed increased uptake in the pulmonary trunk, which along with raised ESR suggested Pulmonary Vasculitis. Echo imaging showed Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary stenosis. Response to steroid therapy was minimal and his symptoms worsened. A referral for second opinion was made and he was diagnosed with PAS. He underwent Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy with Pulmonary valve replacement. Post-operative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. PAS is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. Surgical resection is not curative, but together with chemotherapy can prolong survival.

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Introduction

Pulmonary artery sarcoma with pulmonary valve involvement is rare(Bandyopadhyay et al. 2016 ). Patients with PAS often report vague symptoms such as dyspnoea, haemoptysis, chest pain, cough, and fever[ 11 ]. The listed symptoms are not necessarily specific to PAS and hence misdiagnosis is frequent[ 14 ].

Involvement of the pulmonary valve in PAS is unusual and infrequently reported[ 8 ]. Pulmonary valve replacement in adults is also rare and often because of congenital cardiac condition management[ 12 ]. The main goal for surgical intervention is to remove obstructive tissue and to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and reverse RV remodelling. Common markers of RV function used in the improvement are end-systolic volume (< 82 ml/m2 to 90 ml/m2) and RV ejection fraction (whereby EF of less than 30% is associated with major adverse clinical outcomes)[ 12 , 5 ].

Patients diagnosed with PAS often have poor survival and in cases in which the tumour is unresectable or already metastasised [ 4 , 13 ]. In certain cases, median survival has been shown to be 45 days [ 2 ]. However, if treated with chemotherapy the median survival ranges from 8 to 17 months [ 6 ]. The use of chemotherapy/radiotherapy and surgery together shows prolonged median survival of 26 months [ 3 , 2 ]. Without surgical treatment the average duration of life of PAS patients from diagnosis is approximately 1.5 months [ 14 ].

Case presentation

A 63-year-old retired male was referred to our Cardiac surgery centre reporting a history of tiredness, exertional, breathlessness and chest tightness (Class II New York Heart Association limitation). His past medical history included pre-diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and TIA with no focal neurological deficit.

The initial imaging revealed thickening in the proximal main pulmonary artery which was avid on PET. This extended into the right and left pulmonary arteries. CTPA imaging revealed a large filling defect in the main pulmonary trunk that extended into the left and right main pulmonary arteries. The main pulmonary artery was concentrically narrow and there was no infiltration through the vessel wall. Magnetic resonance imaging was concordant with CT and showed late gadolinium enhancement – these findings, particularly the avidity of uptake on PET scanning suggested a differential of large vessel vasculitis or PA Sarcoma rather than thromboembolic disease.

A transthoracic echo revealed severe pulmonary stenosis (PV max 4.67 m/s PV max PG 87mmHG) and an echogenic area around the pulmonary valve. The RV was shown to be moderately impaired and hypertrophied with estimated PA systolic pressure of 61mmHg. The left ventricle appeared preserved in size and function with an ejection fraction of 60–65%.

The patient was also staged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and a PET scan which were negative for distant metastasis but were suggestive of large vessel vasculitis in the pulmonary artery. The patient also had an elevated ESR 40 mm/h, this guided initial high dose steroid treatment.

The patient responded initially to high dose steroid therapy– this led to a brief improvement of symptoms and reduction in ESR to 25 mm/h. He was re-imaged and there appeared to be no radiological improvement of the defects and his symptoms began to progress (Fig.  1 ). He eventually was referred to our centre for further investigation.

Images A and B show pre-operative CTPA and images C and D show pre-operative cardiac MRI

The suspicion of pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) increased, and he was discussed at the Pulmonary Vascular Disease MDT. Biopsy of intra pulmonary artery masses is not usually recommended, but a biopsy was attempted at his referring centre, but this was unsuccessful due to pain and haemodynamic instability.

Collectively the decision was made for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and pulmonary valve replacement. Upon attendance to our centre the patient revealed his symptoms had progressed over the 2-month period since his initial investigations from New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II to class III.

The surgery was performed on cardiopulmonary bypass under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest at 20 degrees Celsius as standard for pulmonary endarterectomy. Both pulmonary arteries were opened simultaneously for access under the aorta to facilitate the endarterectomy and removal of the sarcoma. Excellent clearance was achieved of upper lobe, middle lobe, and lower lobe of the right and left main pulmonary artery (Figs.  2 , 3 and 4 ). The pulmonary valve was tri-leaflet and was excised and replaced with a 25 mm Perimount magna bioprosthesis. The pulmonary artery was closed with a bovine pericardial patch. Total bypass time was 301 min with a total deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time of 16 min, cross clamp time was 102 min.

Pulmonary artery sarcoma was confirmed by histopathology services. Histopathology results from the right and left pulmonary artery casts showed both specimens to have extensive variable cellular intimal thickening by tumour composed of spindle and cuboidal cells with some accentuation beneath the luminal surface. There was a surrounding vascularised fibrous stroma. The cells showed weak patchy staining for actin and CD31 but not CD34 or desmin. The appearances are in keeping with an intimal sarcoma. The pulmonary valve had focal involvement of the valve by tumour cells.

Shows a transoesophageal (Mid oesophageal, short axis, ascending aorta, colour flow doppler) ( a ) is preclearance and ( b ) is post clearance

shows the histology samples that were taken from the right and left pulmonary trunks ( a ) shows the left pulmonary artery cast including stenosed pulmonary valve ( b ) shows the right main pulmonary artery cast

The removed pulmonary artery sarcoma with scale reference in centimetres

After this diagnosis the patient was referred to medical oncology for discussion of further adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient has been reviewed at follow up and has a self-reported improved quality of life and remains alive 10 months from surgery.

This report highlights some of the difficulties in the initial diagnosis of PAS, often confused with more common thrombus, but unusually in this case it was initially diagnosed vasculitis. The ineffective nature of the vasculitis treatment combined with the progression of his symptoms suggested an alternative diagnosis. It is important to consider PAS as a diagnosis in patients with rapidly progressing symptoms and an increasing intra pulmonary artery mass on CT.

Vasculitis is an autoimmune inflammation of blood vessels resulting in constitutional symptoms and organ damage [ 9 ]. Most pulmonary manifestations of vasculitis are non-specific, and the lung is primarily targeted by small vessel vasculitis, but large and medium vessel vasculitis has been reported in the literature [ 15 ].

The recommended diagnostic work ups for PAS and vasculitis are similar (CTPA, MRI, PET imaging) [ 15 ]. Comparing Pulmonary artery Sarcoma and Pulmonary artery vasculitis reveal several important distinguishing factors.

Vessel wall thickening and aneurysmal dilation of the pulmonary vessels are radiological features of vasculitis seen on MRI, PET and CTPA.[ 15 ]. In our case report, wall thickening was seen on MRI and PET but there was no aneurysmal dilation of the pulmonary vasculature. Distension by the mass on imaging studies and compression of neighbouring structures are clues to a diagnosis of PAS [ 16 ]. MRI imaging has also been shown to be useful in diagnosis when distinguishing tissue from pulmonary embolism thrombus [ 7 ].

Heterogenous densities, centrally located with large filling defects are typical of PAS and often represent haemorrhage, necrosis, and ossification [ 16 ]. These points must be considered when considering a diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism or pulmonary vasculitis to reduce the risk of delayed diagnosis and therefore delayed treatment.

Vasculitis leading to pulmonary valve stenosis is not reported in the literature. In contrast, pulmonary artery sarcoma has been shown to involve the pulmonary valve and right ventricular outflow tract in some cases [ 11 , 2 ]. Therefore, the use of TTE and TOE imaging is useful in distinguishing between vasculitis and PAS and should be performed to assist with operative planning.

Generally, patients with vasculitis are treated medically to suppress inflammation. Very occasionally surgery may be possible to relieve short segments of residual proximal stenosis in the pulmonary artery following quiescence of the disease. The initial post operative management of these patients is similar providing the vasculitis has been adequately resected and any inflammatory episodes are appropriately managed. One case report in the literature reports a patient undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for suspected CTEPH but who, in fact, had been shown on autopsy to have giant cell arteritis [ 3 ]. This patient had a poor outcome, and it highlights the need for accurate diagnosis to best manage the patient pre-operatively in terms of their work up for surgery and post-operatively in terms of their disease-free survival. Pulmonary hypertension can exist because of PAS with concomitant chronic thromboembolism, all of which can manifest as vague respiratory symptoms [ 10 ]. This highlights the value of multimodality imaging when pulmonary artery sarcoma is suspected.

Despite the similarities between PAS and vasculitis our case highlights some of the cardinal features of malignancy that are not seen in large vessel vasculitis. No formal guidelines currently exist for the management of this condition.

Data availability

Data and material is available by request to first author.

Adams TN et al. ‘Pulmonary manifestations of large, medium, and variable vessel vasculitis’, Respiratory Medicine. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.003 .

Bandyopadhyay D et al. ‘Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma: A close associate of pulmonary embolism-20-year observational analysis’, Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2016;8(9). https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.08.89 .

Brister SJ et al. ‘Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in a patient with giant cell arteritis’, Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2002;73(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03414-8 .

Chhaya NC et al. ‘Surgical treatment of pulmonary artery sarcoma’, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2006;131(6), pp. 1410–1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.11.045 .

Dehaki M, Gholampour et al. ‘Mid-term outcomes of mechanical pulmonary valve replacement: a single-institutional experience of 396 patients’, General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2019;67(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-018-1012-0 .

Hagan G et al. ‘Isolated large vessel pulmonary vasculitis as a cause of chronic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries’, Pulmonary Circulation, 2011;1(3). https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-8932.87312 .

Jiang S et al. ‘Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism: A case report’, Oncology Letters, 2017;13(4). https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5775 .

Moguillansky NI et al. ‘Pulmonary artery sarcoma: Case report and review of the literature’, Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 2019;27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100857 .

Palmucci S et al. ‘Pulmonary vasculitides: A radiological review emphasizing parenchymal hrct features’, Diagnostics. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122318 .

Rajaram S et al. ‘Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma and coexisting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension’, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201210-1838IM .

Restrepo CS et al. ‘Tumors of the Pulmonary Artery and Veins’, Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI, 2012;33(6). https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2012.04.002 .

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Zhang S et al. ‘Radiological, histopathological findings, and clinical outcome of pulmonary artery sarcoma’, Pulmonary Circulation, 2021b;11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2045894020940537 .

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N.B Harry Smith and Fadi Al-Zubaidi are the first authors (co-first authorship).

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Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK

Harry James Smith, Fadi Al-Zubaidi, Daniel Sitaranjan, Steven Chiu & David Jenkins

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H.S and F.A wrote the main manuscript and obtained the images, D.S helped edit the manuscript, select the images for the figures and assisted with journal selection, S.C and D.J edited the second version of the manuscript and reviewed the imaging. All authors reviewed the final version of the manuscript.Note: H.S and F.A are both co-first authors for this publication and should be recognised as so.

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Correspondence to Harry James Smith .

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Smith, H.J., Al-Zubaidi, F., Sitaranjan, D. et al. Pulmonary artery sarcoma affecting the pulmonary valve mistaken as pulmonary vasculitis: a case report and comparative literature review. J Cardiothorac Surg 19 , 288 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02700-3

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Received : 02 August 2023

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Published : 14 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02700-3

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Ohio State graduation death: Here's what we know

Ohio State University released the name of the woman who died during Sunday's commencement ceremony after a fall from Ohio Stadium .

Larissa Brady, 53, of Georgia,  was pronounced dead at 12:25 p.m. at the scene outside Ohio Stadium  by Columbus firefighters. The coroner's office identified Brady by her fingerprints.

While the shocking death has left more questions than answers, here's what we know as of early Monday.

What happened at OSU graduation?

Around 12:30 p.m., a person fell from Ohio Stadium's stands near the Bell Tower just as some of the last graduates filtered into the stadium via a tunnel, according to university officials and an eyewitness.

"An individual fell from the stands. They are deceased," OSU spokesman Ben Johnson said Sunday in the university's initial confirmation of the death. "We have no additional details to share at this time. Police and emergency responders are on scene. For anyone affected by today's incident, we will make counseling and other support resources available."

The commencement continued uninterrupted  as news of the death spread through the crowd. Students leaving the ceremony walked past the area where the body fell still cordoned off by yellow crime scene tape.

Who is Larissa Brady?

Larissa Brady, 53, was pronounced died outside Ohio Stadium. The coroner's initial release does not say whether her death was accidental or intentional. However, police do not suspect foul play or that the fall was the result of an accident, Ohio State spokesman Ben Johnson said in an emailed statement.

Brady's daughter was listed as a graduate being honored with a bachelor's degree at Ohio State on Sunday, according to the university's 2024 commencement program .

"Ohio State is grieving the death of Larissa Brady, a family member of one of our graduates," Johnson said via email. "Our hearts go out to her family and friends during this exceptionally difficult time."

Where did the accident happen?

Police taped off an area on the southeast side of Ohio Stadium Sunday, near gate 30 where Ohio State football players enter the stadium. The incident happened near a tunnel that students used to enter the stadium for the ceremony that is normally reserved for OSU football players during home games.

How did students react?

"No way -- that's unbelievable," one eyewitness said.

The witness, who asked to not be identified, said they saw someone fall and it happened just as the last graduates filing past that area as they entered the stadium.

A Dispatch reporter attending the ceremony said that other attendees and some students at commencement were visibly upset as news of the death began to spread through news organizations and social media.

University officials, commencement speakers — including social entrepreneur and OSU alum  Chris Pan  — made no reference to the death during the ceremony. Pan spoke about world peace and Bitcoin, among other topics, and sang the song 'This Little Light of Mine.'"

If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts or a crisis, you can reach Ohio's 24/7 Crisis Text Line by texting 4HOPE to 741741 or call the Franklin County Suicide Prevention Hotline at 614-221-5445 or Ohio State's Counseling and Consultation Services at 614-292-5766. The national Suicide Prevention Lifeline can be reached by dialing 988 or 1-800-273-8255 /TALK ( 1-888-628-9454 for Spanish speakers).

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@NathanRHart