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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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How To Match Your Cover Letter With Your Resume [With Examples]

A well-crafted cover letter and resume are essential for a successful job application, and understanding how these two documents should complement each other can significantly improve your chances of landing an interview. Creating a cohesive application package not only demonstrates your professionalism but also helps you stand out in a competitive job market. In this article, we'll explore:

• The importance of a cohesive application package
• The role of the cover letter in the application process
• The role of the resume in the application process
• Common concerns and questions job seekers have about the relationship between cover letters and resumes
• An overview of the topics covered in the article

Design and Format Consistency

Ensuring your cover letter and resume have a consistent design and format is crucial for presenting a professional, visually appealing application package. A consistent design helps create a sense of control, familiarity, and reliability, as noted in this CareerFoundry article .

To achieve a cohesive design:

• Choose a clean, easy-to-read layout: A well-organized layout makes it easier for hiring managers to quickly scan your documents and find relevant information.
• Use the same font and font size across both documents: Consistency in typography creates a visually harmonious package and demonstrates attention to detail.
• Align color schemes and design elements: Using a coordinated color palette and incorporating similar design elements, such as lines or icons, can make your application appear more polished.
• Consider the impact of consistent design on the reader's perception: A well-designed application package conveys professionalism and can leave a lasting positive impression on the hiring manager.

Showcasing Your Personality

Your cover letter should highlight your unique personality and qualities that are not evident in your resume, setting you apart from other applicants. A resume focuses on your skills and professional experience, which may not convey your character and personal attributes. On the other hand, your cover letter provides an opportunity to showcase your communication style, voice, and relevant personal experiences.

For example:

After completing my degree in environmental science, I spent a year volunteering with a local conservation group to protect our community's natural habitats. This experience deepened my passion for protecting the environment and inspired me to pursue a career in sustainability.

By sharing your passion and enthusiasm for the role, you can demonstrate your genuine interest in the position and create a memorable impression on the hiring manager.

Addressing Red Flags

Your cover letter can serve as a valuable tool for addressing potential concerns or red flags in your resume, providing additional context and explanation. Common resume red flags may include employment gaps, frequent job changes, or unconventional career paths. When addressing these concerns in your cover letter:

• Be honest and transparent about your situation.
• Explain any personal or professional growth that resulted from these experiences.
• Provide context for your career choices and demonstrate how they have contributed to your skill set.

For instance:

While my resume may show a gap in employment, I took that time to care for an ill family member. This experience taught me invaluable skills in time management, empathy, and resilience, which I believe will make me a stronger candidate for this position.

Customizing for the Specific Job Position

Customizing your cover letter for the specific job position and company you are applying for is essential for demonstrating your fit for the role and your genuine interest in the company. To tailor your cover letter:

• Research the company and job position: Familiarize yourself with the company's values, mission, and goals, as well as the skills and qualifications required for the role.
• Identify key skills and qualifications required for the role: As mentioned in this Indeed article , analyze your skill set and match it with the job requirements.
• Address these requirements in your cover letter: Explain how your experience and skills make you an ideal candidate for the position.
• Use company-specific language and terminology: This demonstrates your familiarity with the company and its industry.

Avoid using generic templates and create a customized cover letter for each application to show that you have taken the time to research and understand the specific job opportunity.

Connecting with the Company

Your cover letter should demonstrate your understanding of the company's values, mission, and goals, and how your skills and experience align with these factors. To establish a genuine connection with the company:

• Research the company's values, mission, and goals: Use resources like the company's website, press releases, and social media accounts to gather information.
• Identify your own values and goals that align with the company: Reflect on your personal and professional aspirations and how they relate to the company's mission.
• Demonstrate how your experience and skills will contribute to the company's success: Explain how your background will add value to the organization.
• Express enthusiasm for the company's products or services: Show your genuine interest in what the company does and how it aligns with your passions.

Examples Of How To Match Your Resume With Your Cover Letter

When crafting your job application materials, it's crucial to ensure your cover letter and resume complement each other. They should serve as two parts of a whole, providing a complete and compelling portrait of your skills, experiences, and professional history. Here are a few ways to match your resume with your cover letter effectively:

1. Tailored Skills Highlighting:

In your resume, you've listed down your technical and soft skills, such as team management, Python programming, or business analytics. When you write your cover letter, refer back to these skills and give concrete examples. If your resume states, "Proficient in Python," your cover letter might include a story of how you used Python to streamline a business process, boosting efficiency by 30%.

2. Reinforcing Achievements:

Your cover letter is a chance to flesh out the notable achievements listed in your resume. For instance, if your resume states, "Increased sales by 20% over a fiscal year," your cover letter could detail how you motivated the team, developed a sales strategy, and persevered through market challenges to achieve this.

3. Echoing the Professional Summary:

Your resume's professional summary is a snapshot of your career. In your cover letter, you can echo this summary in a narrative form. For example, if your summary describes you as a "Dedicated financial analyst with a passion for data-driven strategies," you might begin your cover letter with a story that shows this passion in action.

4. Expanding on Key Experiences:

A resume often contains bullet points about job duties and responsibilities. In your cover letter, select a few of these key experiences and describe them in more depth. If your resume says, "Managed a team of 10 sales associates," your cover letter might tell a story about a challenging time when your leadership skills really made a difference.

5. Mirroring Language and Tone:

Your resume and cover letter should not only share content but also style. If your resume is written in a formal, professional tone, maintain this in your cover letter. If your resume uses specific industry jargon or phrases from the job listing, mirror this language in your cover letter.

Remember, while your cover letter and resume should complement each other, they shouldn't be carbon copies. The cover letter allows you to show a bit more of your personality and to highlight your suitability for the role in a story-like format. In contrast, your resume offers a structured, concise overview of your skills, experiences, and achievements. By thoughtfully aligning these two documents, you can present a powerful and consistent professional brand.

Final Tips and Best Practices

By following some final tips and best practices, you can ensure your cover letter and resume are cohesive, professional, and compelling:

• Proofread and edit both documents for grammar, spelling, and formatting errors.
• Seek feedback from trusted friends, mentors, or professional resume services.
• Utilize online resources and templates to guide your cover letter and resume creation, such as Harvard College's guide or HigherEdJobs' resources .
• Continuously update and improve your application materials as you gain experience and skills.
• Stay informed about industry trends and expectations for job applications.

By understanding how your cover letter and resume should complement each other and following the strategies outlined in this article, you can create a polished, professional application package that stands out to potential employers. Investing time and effort in crafting cohesive application materials can significantly improve your chances of landing an interview and advancing your career. We encourage you to continue refining your cover letter and resume skills and wish you success in your job search. If you have any additional tips or experiences with matching cover letters and resumes, please share them with us!

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What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter?

• Resume vs. Cover Letter

What a Resume Includes

What a cover letter includes.

• Use a Cover Letter to be Subjective

 Prostock-Studio / iStock / Getty Images Plus

What's the difference between a resume and a cover letter? Both a cover letter and a resume share the common purpose of proving that you have the right skills to excel at the job for which you are applying.

However, there are clear distinctions between the structure and intent of the two documents. Job seekers should view their cover letter and resume as a complementary but unique pair of documents. That is, your cover letter should be more than just bullet points regurgitated from the resume. 

Many employers require that a resume is submitted with a job application. 

A cover letter may not be required. But, including one when you apply for a job can help your chances of getting selected for an interview.

The Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter

You can think of your resume as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. 

A resume is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. 

The most common  resume format  is a list with your contact information, and experience section that includes job titles, position descriptions, dates of employment, an education section, and other relevant information.

Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. So, instead of writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a resume would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team."

Whenever possible, you'll want to use numbers on your resume, such as the number of people you supervised, percent sales increased, the number of customers helped, etc.

A cover letter is written to highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with additional information as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. 

A cover letter is written in a letter format including a salutation, several paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter . (That said, avoid using "I" too much.)

Your resume should provide employers with a detailed list of your work experience and education. The skills and accomplishments associated with each job you have held should be described in enough detail to show employers how you have added value in those specific roles.

Often, resumes provide information in bulleted lists; this helps make the document concise and allows recruiters to scan through it quickly. 

A cover letter is a short three or four paragraph document. It should be written with the assumption that employers will consult your resume to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.

A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job.

When you are writing a cover letter for a job, first review the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. Use your cover letter to explain how you meet those criteria.

Use a Cover Letter to Convey Subjective Information

A resume states the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

A cover letter is a better vehicle than a resume to convey more subjective information like the basis of your interest in a position, how your values motivate you to pursue a job, or why the culture of a company appeals to you.

Your cover letters will help you sell your qualifications to prospective employers while your resume provides the details to back up the information included in your letters.

Are Cover Letter and Application Letter the Same?

While cover and application letters are usually used in the same contexts, every job seeker has to know the significant differences between these two documents.

Nowadays, application and cover letters are sent via email, so, it’s also important to familiarize oneself with the writing trends and standards of online documents.

So, What’s the Difference?

The main difference between applications and cover letters are:

• Application documents are considered to contain in-depth information about candidate skills and qualities while cover letters are merely used for submitting the documents.
• Cover letters carry out simpler functions and only define your professional capacity as a sender, a recipient, and the purpose of the letter. Application letters perform three main functions: to draw the attention of the potential recruiter, to reflect you as the perfect fit for the position, and to secure the interview.
• Application letters highlight qualifications, skills, strengths, and previous jobs to which this information should relate to the job applied. Done properly, it will showcase you as a good fit for the position. A cover letter can omit specific details, though it must include contact information and motivate why you’re applying for the position and why you’re good for it.
• Cover letters are shorter as they don’t include detailed information. Applicant documents shouldn’t exceed one page. In terms of improving career opportunities, wherever possible your letter should consist of three paragraphs in which you introduce yourself and your objective in the first paragraph. You should present your strengths in the second paragraph and propose an interview in the third paragraph.
• Cover letters aren’t considered the decisive element of an application package. Application letters usually accompany resumes in most cases, as they can offer more about your professional candidacy. Or you can always check some of the best companies that will help you with writing your cover letter on Linkedin .

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Difference between a resume and an application letter.

Your job application package consists of a cover letter and a resume. Each document serves a specific purpose and has a particular format. Whenever you apply for a position, send both documents unless the employer has asked for a resume only. Use the appropriate delivery method -- email, fax or postal mail -- and remember to sign the cover letter. Make sure that both documents use the same header, font and paper.

Purpose of a Cover Letter

A cover letter adds a personal touch to the job application. When a prospective employer reads your cover letter, he knows immediately whether to read your resume. Write a letter that demonstrates your enthusiasm for the position, company and industry. Let the employer know how you learned about the position and why you would be a good fit for the company. Include highlights of your education, experience and background that are relevant to the position. State exactly what documents you are attaching or enclosing: resume, transcript, references or testimonials. Provide additional information not contained in the resume, such as your availability dates for an interview and your follow-up procedure.

Purpose of a Resume

A resume provides a brief summary of your education, skills, work experience and accomplishments. A well-written resume speaks loudly and clearly about your value as a potential employee. The performance profile and competency statements contain action words and the appropriate keywords -- words and phrases that represent knowledge, skills and abilities required for the industry. When a prospective employer reads your resume, she can answer the following questions: "How will this employee benefit our organization?" "What strengths does he bring to our workplace?"

Format of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a business letter. The inside address contains the name, title, organization and address of the prospective employer. Ensure that you have the correct spelling and title of the employer and use it in the salutation.

Most cover letters contain three paragraphs. Use the first paragraph to introduce yourself and ask to be considered for the job. Focus on your skills and achievements in the second paragraph. Ask for an interview in the third paragraph. Use an appropriate complimentary closing: Yours respectfully, Yours sincerely, Cordially yours or Yours truly. Include your handwritten and typewritten signature.

Format of a Resume

You can use the reverse chronological or functional format for your resume. The reverse chronological resume lists all employment and education, beginning with the most recent and working backward. More informal in tone, the functional format highlights three to five skill areas and downplays employment history. Start with a performance profile that contains three to five of your greatest skills and achievements. Alternatively, you can use a job objective or focus statement. The Work Experience section includes information about current and past employment. In the Education section, list all diplomas, degrees, certificates and training relevant to the position. Create additional sections to highlight proficiency in languages, computer expertise and volunteer involvement.

Related Articles

How to write personal information on a resume →, how to write a resume when you have been in education and want to get into the business world →.

How to Write a Cover Letter to a Previous Employer →

How to Apply for a Job Through Email →

How to Do a Resume for a Non-Skilled Worker →

How Do I Write a Resume Envelope? →

• "Gallery of Best Letters"; David F. Noble; 2007
• "Resume Magic"; Susan Britton Whitcomb; 2010

In 2008, Joanne Guidoccio opened a wordsmith business. She has been published in the "Guelph Daily Mercury," "Waterloo Record" and "Winnipeg Free Press". A retired school teacher, Guidoccio has a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and psychology from Laurentian University, a Bachelor of education from the University of Western Ontario and a Career Development Practitioner Diploma from Conestoga College.

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The language of the job hunt: resumes and job applications

Sep 07, 2022 - updated Apr 24, 2023

So you’ve decided to apply for a new role—good for you! You spruce up your resume and get ready to send it off, only to learn you need to complete a job application too. Confusion sets in as you find yourself doubling your efforts, wondering why both are necessary. Well, as culture fit becomes more critical in the workplace and competition rises, many employers want to better understand applicants beyond their work life and hard skills. Larger companies may also be seeking ways to sort through high application volumes and simplify or automate processes . Enter: the job application.

But what exactly is the difference between a resume and a job application? Why would a company ask for one over the other–or even both–and how can you ensure you stand out? Let’s find out.

What is a job application?

A job application is a standard form with questions or fields deemed necessary by a company to review candidates. It will often request the same information from every potential hire, such as contact information, past work experience, education, and references . However, not every company will ask you to complete a job application; sometimes just a resume will suffice. So what are some reasons a company would require one?

Marianne Encina, a recruiter at Shopify and co-founder of 3Skills , a community that teaches job seekers how to communicate their value to employers and build careers they are proud of, says, “a company might use a job application to have one clear standard to assess all applicants. This can be beneficial when the goal is solely to compare experience, skills, and education.”

However, the standardization of job applications also brings about concerns regarding DEI initiatives . Encina notes, “[Job applications] can be problematic since applicants will all have different backgrounds that will fall outside this standard and might therefore be automatically and unfairly rejected.”

That said, if a company does ask you to submit a job application, it is essential that you complete it in full. In the United States, candidates are required to list all former employers as requested on a job application and to fill it in honestly—you don’t want to get caught lying should the employer run a background check .

What is a resume?

A resume is a document that outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background, typically as they relate to your career and education . Resumes can also include personal information, such as hobbies, interests, and volunteer time, providing a prospective employer with more information about who you are and how you spend your time outside office hours.

A resume is your opportunity to showcase and highlight your unique talents and personality . While there are certain things that will double up on your resume and job application—such as your duties and responsibilities with previous employers—there’s lots of room for creativity.

One tip Encina suggests is tailoring your resume to the company’s brand by using their colors and fonts or getting inspiration from their products. “If you are interviewing with Google’s Search Team, for example, you could have each role in your resume replicate Google search results,” says Encina.

But it’s not all about aesthetics. “Content will always be more important than any color or font. A tailored resume with metrics that address requirements and responsibilities for the role should be the standard; aesthetics are a bonus.” Encina says. So what’s the bottom line? Make your resume enticing . “Ultimately, the goal is to extend the amount of time the recruiter or hiring manager spends reviewing your resume.”

What should you do if a company asks for both?

If a company asks for both, how do you ensure you don’t waste your or the recruiter’s time? While it can be tempting to keep one standard resume handy for any job that piques your interest, especially when applying to several different roles, it’s good practice to tailor your resume for each opportunity .

If a company asks you to complete a job application and a resume, avoid repeating the same information. “You might consider using that extra space to speak about specific projects that are relevant to that role,” notes Encina.

Should you send a resume if the company only offers a job application?

According to Encina, the answer to this question is: it depends. “If you have a tailored resume ready to be submitted that would only make your application and your candidacy stronger, I would go ahead and submit that too,” she says.

“But really, the question here should be redirected to the company: is every step of your process intentional and candidate-centric? Are the instructions clear on what needs to be submitted? Are they deducting points for anyone who didn’t submit a resume and cover letter , although there were no instructions to do so? As a candidate, your goal is to reflect that you are the most employable out of the candidate pool . A company’s goal should be to provide a clear recruitment process and expectations.”

Key takeaways: what’s the difference between a resume and a job application?

A job application is a form created by a company with fields that a candidate must complete in full . These fields typically include contact information, past work experience, education, and references . The application is the same for every potential candidate, providing a standardized way for a company to assess applicants.

Ensure you complete all sections as required by the job application. You must fully disclose all past employers when requested via a job application . Some companies may even perform a background check to confirm.

A resume outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background. It’s also your opportunity to showcase your unique experience, creativity, and other relevant information that could make you a front-runner for a position.

Clearly read a company’s application instructions; if they are unclear, don’t hesitate to ask for more information.

When in doubt, go the extra mile and submit a resume in addition to a job application , even if it’s not specifically requested. Find the appropriate company contact so you know it gets into the right hands .

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More inspiration: Creating a winning job application

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• Cover Letter Tips

Should You Combine Your Cover Letter and Resume into One Document?

The internet has impacted virtually every area of life, including the job search process. Gone are the days when a job seeker would simply hand an employer a cover letter and resume in paper form. Today, more companies than ever accept digital copies of those job search documents.

In fact, many companies and employers now only accept emailed digital cover letters and resumes so they can make use of applicant tracking systems (ATS). Unfortunately, there’s been little effort to standardize submission processes, and that can make it a little confusing for the average job seeker.

For example, how should you submit your emailed resume and cover letter? Should you send them separately or combine them into one document? In this post, we’ll examine both options and offer the advice you need to make the best decision.

What’s the difference between a cover letter and resume?

Before you decide whether to combine your cover letter and resume into one document, it is helpful to make sure that you fully understand each of these important tools. The fact is that each of these documents has its own role to play in the job search process, and they have some major differences:

Each of these documents serves a distinct purpose in the job search process. Resumes are designed to provide an employer with an easy way to quickly assess your qualifications. The main purpose of a cover letter is to help the employer understand your motivations, goals, and personality. Both are important documents, but they are not interchangeable.

Your cover letter should be a targeted document that focuses on your qualifications for a specific job role. It should contain information about why you are the best candidate for the position and what you hope to achieve for the employer if you are hired. Your resume is more of a marketing tool that highlights your skills, relevant work experience , and educational qualifications in an easily digested summarized format.

Structure and format

These two documents also have dramatically different structures and formats . Your resume will be divided into specific sections for easier consumption and will include bullet point lists of relevant skills and achievements. Cover letters look more like any other written communication, conveying your message in full sentences and paragraphs.

Cover letter and resume: to combine or not to combine?

Let’s get right to the main question here: should you combine your cover letter and resume into one document? As a general rule, you should try to avoid it wherever possible. Since resumes and cover letters serve two very different roles in the job search process, they should be treated as separate documents. The only time you should even consider combining these two documents is when the company has instructed you to do so.

Review the instructions

Whenever possible, it’s a good idea to get the submission guidelines for the position straight from the source. That means asking the company’s hiring manager how your resume and cover letter should be sent. If there are clear instructions, it’s important to follow them to the letter to maximize your chances of receiving the right type of attention. On those rare occasions when a company wants a combined document, the job posting will usually include that instruction.

Why you should not combine these two documents

In most instances, however, you will discover that the instructions are vague. Perhaps the only instruction is that your resume must be emailed. If that’s the case, then you should always choose to leave these two documents as separate files. There are several very good reasons to do so:

If you include these two tools in one document, applicant tracking systems may reject it. That can happen if the ATS mistakes your cover letter for a resume and assesses it based on its rules for resume approval.

Hiring managers often want to go directly to your resume to review your qualifications. If your cover letter is part of that document, it could be a distraction that frustrates your reader.

Your cover letter and resume serve different purposes. Keeping them separate helps to ensure that each document receives the attention it deserves.

What if employers request that your cover letter and resume be combined?

As we noted above, there may be times when a specific employer requests that a resume and cover letter be sent as one document. Obviously, that request should be honored if you want to be considered for an interview. The important thing then is to ensure that you combine them properly. The following tips can help:

Decide which document you want the employer to see first

Since the cover letter serves as your introduction, there is a case to be made for putting it in the front of the resume. If you want to make sure that the ATS scores your resume properly, however, you may want to put the resume at the beginning of the document. That can also help hiring managers quickly access your qualifications.

Create a new document

Make sure that you create an entirely new document for your combined file. That will enable you to keep them separate for other companies and submissions. Then copy and paste your resume and cover letter into this new document. Be sure to save the file with an appropriate file name. For example: JohnSmithResumeCoverLetter.docx or JohnSmithResumeCoverLetter.pdf.

Use proper formatting

When you paste each document into your combined file, make sure that you retain the original formatting. Also, be sure to include a page break at the end of the first document so that the next document begins on a fresh page.

Submit the combined file

Once you have your new combined file, submit it to the company. If the online job posting includes submission instructions, follow them to the letter. Otherwise, simply send it to the appropriate email address.

How to email your cover letter and resume

When emailing your cover letter and resume, either include the cover letter as an attachment or copy and paste its text into the email message. Don’t do both. 

It is generally recommended that you submit both the resume and cover letter as file attachments rather than having any part of them in the body of your email message. What you can include in the email text is confirmation that you have attached the resume and cover letter files.

Of course, you also need to decide whether you want to submit a Word document or a PDF file. Once again, review the job board instructions to see what the company is requesting. If there is no specific option listed, then the best thing to do is to submit each document in a Word file. 

Sample cover letter and resume template

Below, you will find a resume and cover letter template that you can use to ensure that your job search documents contain the information that employers want to see. You can use these templates to guide you as you create your own cover letter and resume:

Resume template

[Your first and last name]

[Your Phone number]

[Your Email address]

Professional Summary

[No more than three sentences highlighting your qualifications, experience, and achievements.]

Core Competencies

[Bullet point list of your relevant skills. Use multiple columns to list 12-15 top skills ]

Employment History

[Company name], [city], [state] | [Employment dates]

[Job title]

Job responsibility and achievement

[Repeat employment history for additional jobs, in reverse chronological order]

[Name of school], [city], [state]

[Degree], [major]

[Date you graduated] It should be noted that you don’t have to include education dates if you graduated more than one year ago. 

Certifications/Licenses

[Name of certification or license, organization providing it, and relevant dates]

Awards and Achievements

[Award, honor, achievement]

Cover letter template

[Your city and state]

[Recipient's first and last name]

[Company name]

[Company address]

Dear [Recipient's name],

My name is [your name] and I am interested in discussing the open [position name] position at your company. I have [length of experience] experience as a [your profession] and am confident that I can provide a great deal of value for your company if hired.

I have recently been employed at [relevant employer name], where I was responsible for [cite job duties using keywords that match the skills needed in the open position]. Prior to that, I [provide examples of job duties that show your qualifications to fill the company’s open job]. I would love to have the opportunity to use these skills as part of your team.

I have included my resume with this letter so that you can evaluate my qualifications and experience at your leisure. I appreciate your consideration and look forward to having the opportunity to discuss the position with you in greater detail.

Respectfully,

[Your name]

You should choose to send your cover letter and resume as separate documents, unless the company has instructed you to combine them into a single file. More importantly, make sure that you get those critical job search tools into the right hands so that you can increase your chances of landing an interview!

Want to know whether your resume has what it takes to capture a hiring manager’s interest? Get a free resume review from our team of experts today!

Recommended Reading:

How to Tailor Your Resume to Different Positions (Examples)

How long should a resume be in 2023?

How to Get Your Resume Past the ATS Scans

Ken Chase, Freelance Writer

During Ken's two decades as a freelance writer, he has covered everything from banking and fintech to business management and the entertainment industry. His true passion, however, has always been focused on helping others achieve their career goals with timely job search and interview advice or the occasional resume consultation. When he's not working, Ken can usually be found adventuring with family and friends or playing fetch with his demanding German Shepherd. Read more resume advice from Ken on  ZipJob’s blog .

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• Know the Difference Between Job application and Resume

Knowing the difference between a job application and a resume is of paramount importance. The process of applying for a job include submitting two different types of documents: a resume and a job application. At first glance, it can seem that these are two similar documents with the same information, but you are mistaken. Let’s discover what is the essential distinction between them in order not to screw up your employment process.

What Is a Job Application ?

A standard job application is a legal document required by the Human Resources department. It is a brief paper listing your essential qualification without explanation. For an employer job application serves to compare you fast to other candidates. A job application is a chronological laconic document of 1 or 2 pages. It also includes information that is never included in a resume: birth date, Social Security Number, driver’s license number, verification of military experience and training and even an inquiry about your criminal past. Usually, in a job application, you will be required to include full start/end dates of employment (month, day, year), names of previous manager, company name and location. The employer needs this info to verify your employment. You will also be asked to fill the salary history and current salary requirements. In some cases, employers can ask to add information concerning your GPA, semester hours and grades for certain subjects. You don’t have to include any additional information or special skills for job applications.

General Job Application Dos and Don'ts

Before filling out a job application, check out these dos and don’ts that will help you to create a correct one.

Job Application Dos:

• First of all, read the application form carefully before filling it. You have to follow strictly all the directions.
• Putting Social Security Number on job applications is obligatory.
• Make sure you include correct employment dates.
• Of course, you have to check your application for grammar or spelling errors.
• One of the biggest mistakes of all job seekers is not to contact their references before the application process begins. Call and make sure they know you want them to be your references.

Job Application Don’ts:

• Most importantly, never lie. All the information should be proven because it is a legal document.
• Do not exaggerate your experience, skills, abilities, because an employer will reveal the truth.
• Don’t leave any unfilled gaps.
• Don’t write ‘see resume’ for questions that require some wide explanation.

Your job application is very important. If an employer decides to hire you, a background check based on your application is inevitable, so prepare it thoroughly.

What Is a Resume?

A resume is the most common document required from job applicants. Typically, a resume is a brief summary of all skills, abilities, qualification, work history and educational background of a candidate. There are three resume types: chronological (the most common), functional and combination. Include a job history summary where you will explain why you are the best fit for a position and what are your main career goals. You can mention additional information on resume like training, licenses, language proficiency, but all the data provided should be relevant to a desired position. Writing a perfect resume is daunting, but check out the instruction that will facilitate this process.

Typical Resume Dos and Don'ts

Follow these simple guidelines in order to create an outstanding professional resume.

Common Resume Dos:

• Focus on your strengths. Include only your best characteristics and experience that will prove your professionalism and will convince an HR to hire you.
• It is imperative to tailor your resume to each specific position. Instead of mass mailing the same resume, make some adjustment to show your interest exactly in a certain job opening.
• Before sending a resume, proofread it multiple times. Errors and typos will kill your success on the spot.
• Choose an appropriate resume format that will fit the company’s culture.

Common Resume Don’ts:

• Don’t forget to list everything in reverse chronological order.
• Don’t put any irrelevant information. Even if you are proud of it, but it won’t make any difference to a recruiter - erase it immediately.
• Don’t forget that a resume is a concise document. Its length should be 1 page, in some exceptional cases, it can contain 2 pages.
• Don’t go into detail - 5 bullet points covering your essential duties will be more than enough.

Knowing the difference between a resume and a job application along with basic guidance on how to write perfect documents will lead you to success in your job search!

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Are cover letters worth it?

Q:  Sometimes when I apply to a job online, they ask for a cover letter or “fill in the box” why you are interested?  It is worth it to pen a cover letter?  I am not sure if companies even require them, or even read them.  Do they end up in the trash file?  Should I even have one for each and every job?  That would take some time, but I would do it if it is worth it? 

A:  Technology has transformed how employees are hired.  Several decades ago, a cover letter was often required.  I see the main purpose of the cover letter is to link a candidates’ experience to an opportunity.  Years ago, recruiters expected them. 

Today, when I receive a resume via email, a cover email usually suffices.  Hard copy cover letters and resumes are quite rare now.  Now, candidates are required to submit a resume, and only sometimes are candidates asked to share additional information in a “fill in the box” spot in an online form.  Few of us receive hard copies of resumes anymore, since now a resume is often delivered electronically. 

Some of our clients still like to review a cover letter for a few reasons.  First, we like to learn how a candidate writes.  Can a candidate compose complete sentences?  Is a candidate detail-oriented and organized?  Does the candidate know the difference between their, they’re and there? Some of my clients require a cover letter because a candidate’s ability to compose a letter is important to them.  Second, the cover email should link a candidate’s work experience to the role of interest.  Candidates should use the cover letter as an opportunity to highlight relevant work experiences or skills.  A candidate should make it easy for the reader to understand why this candidate is qualified for the role.  “Let’s contact this candidate” is the goal.  Finally, some candidates use the same template when they are sending a resume to several employers.  And… the company name is never changed.  By that I mean if they have applied to the Smith Company, an “old” company name remains in the “Dear XXX” section. 

You raise an important point.  Often when a candidate submits a resume online, a cover letter is not required.  Further, when a candidate completes an online application form, sometimes even a resume is not part of the application process. 

I must admit, I only read a cover letter IF the resume interests me.  I review the resume first.  If the resume appears to be a strong candidate, I will review the cover letter (or cover email).  If the resume doesn’t seem like a qualified candidate, I skip the cover letter, or cover email.    

I would focus my time and energy on the resume first.  Resumes are still the most critical document in any career-related discussion. 

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