how to cite a congressional research service report apa

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Q. How do I cite a Congressional Research Services report in APA?

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Answered By: Katie Hutchison Last Updated: Mar 27, 2020     Views: 36145

Author, A. A. (Year).  Title of report in sentence case and italics  (CRS Report No. xxxxxxx). Retrieved from Congressional Research Service website: URL

Example: 

Erwin, M. C. (2011).  Intelligence issues for Congress  (CRS Report No. RL33539). Retrieved from Congressional Research Service website: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33539.pdf

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• APA 7th doesn't use "retrieved from" and "website" anymore. by Peter Coogan on Sep 24, 2020

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A Guide to APA Style 7th Edition

Citing government documents, example legal references and citations in apa.

• Bill Digest or Bill Summary
• Federal Legislation and Laws
• Hearings and Testimonies
• House and Senate Reports
• Congressional Debates
• Codes/Regulations
• CQ Databases
• Unnumbered Federal/Committee Documents
• State Legislation and Laws
• Executive Documents
• Congressional Research Service Reports
• European Union Directives and Proposals
• Govtrack.us
• Court Rules
• UN Convention/Treaty
• Symbols and Abbreviations

Bill summary from a database

Congressional Research Service. (1993, September 10). Violence Against Women Act of 1993: S. 11, 103rd Cong. Proquest Congressional.

(Congressional Research Service [CRS], 1993), successive citations as (CRS, 1993)

Congressional Research Service (1993)

Bill summary from Congress.gov

Congressional Research Service. (1993, September 10). Summary: S.11 - Violence Against Women Act of 1993. https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/senate-bill/11

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796. (1994).

Violence Against Women Act of 1994, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1902.

Violence Against Women Act, 42 U.S.C. § 13701 (1994).

(Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act [VCCLEA], 1994), successive citations as (VCCLEA, 1994)

Unenacted Bill

Violence Against Women Act, H.R. 1502, 102nd Cong. (1991).

H.R. 1502, 102nd Cong. (1991).

(Violence Against Women Act [VAWA], 1991), successive citations as (VAWA, 1991)

(H.R 1502, 1991)

Enacted Bill

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, H.R. 3355, 103rd Cong. (1994) (enacted).

(Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 1994)

Entire Hearing

Violence against women: Victims of the system: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senate , 102nd Cong. 1 (1991).

( Violence Against Women , 1991)

Testimony during the Hearing:

Violence against women: Victims of the system: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senate , 102nd Cong. 131 (1991) (testimony of Amy Kaylor).

( Violence Against Women , 1991, p. 131)

State Hearing

An Act Relative to Work and Family Mobility H.3012 & S.2061: A Public Hearing before the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Transportation , 191st Gen. Crt. (Mass. 2019, September 4). https://malegislature.gov/Events/Hearings/Detail/3261

( An Act Relative to Work , 2019)

Senate Report

S. Rep. No. 103-138 (1993).

Senate Report No. 103-138 (1993)

(S. Rep. No. 103-138, 1993)

House Report

H. Rep. No. 103-395 (1993).

House Report No. 103-395 (1993)

(H. Rep. No. 103-395, 1993)

Congressional Record Daily

140 Cong. Rec. E1,449 (daily ed. July 13, 1994) (statement of Rep. Schroeder).

(140 Cong. Rec. E1,449, 1994)

In her statements to Congress, Rep. Schroeder stated that, "VAWA would send an unequivocal message that police, prosecutors, and judges, the public can no longer cast aside domestic violence and stalking as personal problems" (140 Cong. Rec. E1449, 1994).

Permanent Bound Edition of Congressional Record

140 Cong. Rec. 16,496 (1994) (statement of Rep. Schroeder).

(140 Cong. Rec. 16,496, 1994)

State Journals or Records

H. 166-1, 2nd Sess., at 89 (Nh. 2020). http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/house/caljourns/journals/2020/HJ_1.pdf

(H. 166-1, 2020)

Code of Federal Regulations

8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2018-title8-vol1/CFR-2018-title8-vol1-sec101-1

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2018-title8-vol1/CFR-2018-title8-vol1-sec101-1

8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018).

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018).

Federal Register

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 68 Fed. Reg. 9832 (Feb. 28, 2003) (to be codified at 8 C.F.R. pt. 101). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2003/02/28/03-4935/aliens-and-nationality-homeland-security-reorganization-of-regulations

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 68 Fed. Reg. 9832 (2003)

State Codes

603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018). http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr28.html

Special Education, 603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018). http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr28.html

Massachuesetts

603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018)

Special Education, 603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018)

Greenbook (Print/PDF)

Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives. (2004). 2004 green book: Background material and data on the programs within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (18th ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Committee on Ways and Means (2004) reported that enrollment in the AFDC soared in 1994, covering more than a fifth of children in the country (p. 7-2).

(Committee on Ways and Means, 2004, p. 7-2)

Greenbook (Web Version)

Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives. (2014). 2014 green book: Background material and data on the programs within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (22nd ed.). http://greenbook.waysandmeans.house.gov/2014-green-book

According to the Committee on Ways and Means (2014) 50% of the Employee Benefits program is covered federally and the other half is covered by the state (chapter 4, Introduction section, para. 3).

(Committee on Ways and Means, 2014, chapter 4, Introduction section, para. 3)

Landmark education bill signed. (2002). CQ almanac 2001 (57th ed.). Congressional Quarterly.

"Landmark Education Bill" (2002)

("Landmark Education Bill," 2002, Highlights section)

Unnumbered Federal/ Committee Documents

Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 104th Cong., Rep. on Violence Against Women Act in action (Comm. Print 1995).

(Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1995)

Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1995)

Unenacted State Bill

H. 199, 189 th Gen. Ct., Sess. (Mass. 2015). https://malegislature.gov/Bills/189/House/H199

(H. 199, 2015) or H. 199 (2015)

Enacted State Bill

H. 199, 189 th Gen. Ct., Sess. (Mass. 2015) (enacted). https://malegislature.gov/Bills/189/House/H199

State General Law

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (2017). https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter106/Article1/Section1-101

Subscription Database

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (LexisNexis 2013)

(Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101, 2013)

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (2013)

Association of Social Work Boards. (2012). Return of organization exempt from income tax [Form 990] . http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/222/222414510/222414510_201212_990.pdf

(Association of Social Work Boards, 2012)

Executive Order from Whitehouse.gov

Trump, D. (2017, February 9). Presidential executive order on enforcing federal law with respect to transnational criminal organizations and preventing international trafficking. White House Press Office. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/09/presidential-executive-order-enforcing-federal-law-respect-transnational

Trump (2017)

(Trump, 2017, section 2(a))

Executive Orders in the Federal Register

Exec. Order. No. 13,515, 74 F.R. 53635 (2009). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/10/19/E9-25268/increasing- participation-of-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders-in-federal-programs

Exec. Order No. 13,515 (2009)

(Exec. Order No. 13,515, 2009, p. 53,637)

Memorandum From Other Departments or Agencies

Napolitano, J. (2012, June 15). Exercising prosecutorial discretion with respect to individuals who came to the United States as children [Memorandum]. United States Department of Homeland Security Digital Library. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=712428

Napolitano (2012)

(Napolitano, 2012, para. 5)

Letter From One Department to Another

Letter from Jessica Shahin, Assoc. Admin., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, to Elizabeth Berlin, Exec. Deputy Comm., New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance (Aug. 18, 2011). https://www.foodpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/SNAP-Waiver-Request-Decision.pdf

"Letter from Jessica Shahin" (2011)

("Letter from Jessica Shahin," 2011, para. 5)

Presidential Papers from the Public Papers of the Presidents

Remarks on a Parental Leave Initiative and an Exchange With Reporters, 2 Pub. Papers 2163 (Nov. 30, 1999). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PPP-1999-book2/pdf/PPP-1999-book2-doc-pg2163.pdf

"Remarks on a Parental Leave" (1999)

("Remarks on a Parental Leave," 1999, p. 2165)

Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Presidential Statement on Signing S. 643 Into Law, 16 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 503 (Mar. 18, 1980). Hein Online.

"Presidential Statement" (1980)

("Presidential Statement",1980)

Congressional Research Services Reports

Sacco, L. (2014, March 6). Violence Against Women Act: Overview, legislation, and federal funding (CRS Report No. R42499). Hein Online.

Without author:

Congressional Research Services. (2015, May 26). Violence Against Women Act: Overview, legislation, and federal funding (CRS Report No. R42499). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R42499

With author:

(Sacco, 2014)

Sacco (2014) stated that ... (p. 18)

(Congressional Research Services, 2014)

Congressional Research Services (2014) stated that... (p. 18)

Directive 2013/32 of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2013 on Common Procedures for Granting and Withdrawing International Protection (recast), 2013 O.J. (L 108) 60.  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:TOC

(Directive 2013/32, 2013)

Proposal of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Common Procedure for International Protection in the Unionand Repealing Directive 2013/32/EU , COM (2016) 467 final (July 13, 2016). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0467  

(Proposal of the European Parliament, 2016)  

Govtrack.us Comparing Bill Versions

Reference both bills that are being compared and indicate their stage in parenthesis with the date.

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, H.R. 315, 115th Cong. (as passed by House, January 9, 2017). Civic Impulse. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr315/text/eh#compare=350473:is

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, S. 783, 115th Cong. (as introduced by Senate, March 30, 2017). Civic Impulse. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr315/text/eh#compare=350473:is

(Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, H.R. 315, 2017)

(Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, S. 783, 2017)

Govtrack.us as a Website Tool

Govtrack.us [Web tool]. (n.d.). https://www.govtrack.us/

Govtrack.us (n.d.)

State Court Rule

Mass. Sup. Ct. R. 3:30. (2012). https://www.mass.gov/supreme-judicial-court-rules/supreme-judicial-court-rule-303-legal-assistance-to-the-commonwealth

Mass. Sup. Ct. R. 3:30. (2012)

United Nations Convention or Treaty

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol, December, 13, 2006, http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol (2006)

Common Symbols and Abbreviations

§ = section, refers to a particular part of a document, usually in legal materials

• To create the § use the Character Map on a PC or go to Edit then Emoji and Symbols and search for "section" on Mac.

ch. = Chapter

Cong. = Congress, usually refers to a specific session of congress, i.e. 101st Cong.

CRS = Congressional Research Service, an arm of the Library Congress that conducts research on policy for the US Congress

Gen. Ct. = General Court, usually refers to a state level congressional session

H.R. or H. = House of Representatives

P.L. = Public Law

Rep. or Rep. No. = Report or report number

S. or Sen. = Senate

Sess. = Session

Stat. = Statute, usually refers to session laws, a chronological compilation of laws organized by volume and page number

U.S.C. = United States Code

Citation Resources

The APA Publication Manual gives guidelines for referencing some legal resources on page 216, Appendix 7.1. For anything not represented in the Manual, APA recommends using The Bluebook.

We include as many citation examples as possible in this guide. If you don't find what you are looking for in this guide, ask a librarian for assistance.

Quick Links to Example Legal Citations in APA:

• Basic Legal Citation - Cornell University
• Citing Government Documents in APA - Cornell University
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• How to cite a government website or report in APA Style

Citing Government Documents in APA | Format & Examples

Published on February 11, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 27, 2023.

APA Style doesn’t provide a special format for citing government documents. Instead, you should determine what kind of source you’re dealing with—usually a report or a web page—and use the appropriate format.

To cite a government web page that doesn’t list an individual author , use the following format, listing the name of the government organization in the author position . If the name listed in the author position is the same as the website name (as in the example here), only list it once.

You can also use our free APA Citation Generator to automatically create accurate citations.

Table of contents

Citing government websites with individual authors, citing a government report in apa style, frequently asked questions about apa style citations.

When a government webpage does list an individual author or authors, list them in the author position, and always include the site name.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

If the document you are trying to cite is a report (usually labeled as such and often found in PDF form online), the format again differs slightly based on whether individual authors are listed.

Individual authors

To cite a report with one or more named authors, use the format below.

If there is no report number, leave that part out. The publisher should be identified clearly; list the specific organization and any department they are a part of if needed to identify them unambiguously.

Group authors

When a report doesn’t list a specific author, list the organization in the author position .

Any parent agencies necessary to identify the organization clearly can be listed in the publisher position. Otherwise, just omit this part; don’t repeat the same name in the author and publisher positions.

When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a report by an agency, or a page from a company’s website—use the organization’s name as the author in the reference entry and APA in-text citations .

When no author at all can be determined—e.g. a collaboratively edited wiki or an online article published anonymously—use the title in place of the author. In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary.

When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If there are no page numbers (e.g. when citing a website ) but the text is long, you can instead use section headings, paragraph numbers, or a combination of the two:

(Caulfield, 2019, Linking section, para. 1).

Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.

If you are referring to the source as a whole, it’s not necessary to include a page number or other marker.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, December 27). Citing Government Documents in APA | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/goverment-document/

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Citations for Government Documents

Congresssional service reports:.

A Congressional Research Service report with an individual author:

• Woolf, Amy F. (2021, December 14).  U.S. strategic nuclear forces: Background, development, and issues. (CRS Report No. RL33640).  https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33640 . 

A Congressional Research Services report without an individual author:

• Congressional Research Services. (Date). Title.  (CRS Report No. RLxxxxx). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdfRLxxxxx.

Citations for Legal Materials

In chapter 11, the apa manual (7th edition) provides examples of citations to legal materials, including cases, statutes, legislative materials, and administrative and executive materials. for more information on writing legal citations, consult  the bluebook: a uniform system of citation  (21st edition).  , case (court decision).  reference form: name v. name, volume reporter first page (year). , reference page citation example: roper v. simmons, 543 u.s. 551 (2005). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/543/03-633/index.pdf  (note: you may include the url from which you retrieved the case information after the year. this is not strictly required for legal citations, but may aid readers in retrieval.), in-text citation example: roper v. simmons (2005) or ( roper v. simmons , 2005), statute.  reference form: name of act, volume code abbrev. § section number (1987)., reference page citation example: abandoned shipwreck act of 1987, 43 u.s.c. §§2101-2106 (1987). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/43/chapter-39 (note: you may include the url from which you retrieved the statute after the year. this is not strictly required for legal citations, but may aid readers in retrieval.), in-text citation example: abandoned shipwreck act (1987) or (abandoned shipwreck act, 1987), federal regulation.  reference form: title/number, volume c.f.r. §xxx (year)., reference page citation example: truth in lending (regulation z) finance charge, 12 c.f.r. §226.4 (2010).  https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/12/part-226/subpart-a (if the regulation is available online, provide the url.), in-text citation example:  truth in lending (regulation z) finance charge (2010) or (truth in lending [regulation z] finance charge, 2010).

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How do i cite a congressional research service report.

A Congressional Research Service report with an individual author:

Woolf, Amy F. (2021, December 14).  U.S. strategic nuclear forces: Background, development, and issues. (CRS Report No. RL33640).  https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33640 . 

A Congressional Research Services report without an individual author:

Congressional Research Services. (Date). Title.  (CRS Report No. RLxxxxx). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdfRLxxxxx.

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Guide to APA Style 7th Edition

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Citation Resources

The APA Publication Manual gives guidelines for referencing some legal resources on page 216, Appendix 7.1. For anything not represented in the Manual, APA recommends using The Bluebook.

We include as many citation examples as possible in this guide. If you don't find what you are looking for in this guide, ask a librarian for assistance.

Quick Links to Example Legal Citations in APA:

• Basic Legal Citation - Cornell University
• Citing Government Documents in APA - Cornell University

Example Legal References and Citations in APA

• State Legislation and Laws
• Symbols and Abbreviations
• UN Convention/Treaty
• Court Rules
• Govtrack.us
• European Union Directives and Proposals
• Congressional Research Service Reports
• Executive Orders, Memos, Letters, Proclamations
• Bill Digest or Bill Summary
• Unnumbered Federal/Committee Documents
• CQ Databases
• Codes/Regulations
• Congressional Debates
• House and Senate Reports
• Hearings and Testimonies
• Federal Legislation and Laws

Unenacted State Bill

H. 199, 189 th Gen. Ct., Sess. (Ma. 2015). https://malegislature.gov/Bills/189/House/H199

(H. 199, 2015) or H. 199 (2015)

Enacted State Bill

H. 199, 189 th Gen. Ct., Sess. (Ma. 2015) (enacted). https://malegislature.gov/Bills/189/House/H199

State General Law

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (2017). https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter106/Article1/Section1-101

Subscription Database

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (LexisNexis 2013)

(Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101, 2013)

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (2013)

Common Symbols and Abbreviations

§ = section, refers to a particular part of a document, usually in legal materials

• To create the § use the Character Map on a PC or go to Edit then Emoji and Symbols and search for "section" on Mac.

ch. = Chapter

Cong. = Congress, usually refers to a specific session of congress, i.e. 101st Cong.

CRS = Congressional Research Service, an arm of the Library Congress that conducts research on policy for the US Congress

Gen. Ct. = General Court, usually refers to a state level congressional session

H.R. or H. = House of Representatives

P.L. = Public Law

Rep. or Rep. No. = Report or report number

S. or Sen. = Senate

Sess. = Session

Stat. = Statute, usually refers to a specific law or section of a larger law

U.S.C. = United States Code

United Nations Convention or Treaty

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol, December, 13, 2006, http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol (2006)

State Court Rule

Mass. Sup. Ct. R. 3:30. (2012). https://www.mass.gov/supreme-judicial-court-rules/supreme-judicial-court-rule-303-legal-assistance-to-the-commonwealth

Mass. Sup. Ct. R. 3:30. (2012)

Govtrack.us Comparing Bill Versions

Reference both bills that are being compared and indicate their stage in parenthesis with the date.

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, H.R. 315, 115th Cong. (as passed by House, January 9, 2017). Civic Impulse. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr315/text/eh#compare=350473:is

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, S. 783, 115th Cong. (as introduced by Senate, March 30, 2017). Civic Impulse. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr315/text/eh#compare=350473:is

(Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, H.R. 315, 2017)

(Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, S. 783, 2017)

Govtrack.us as a Website Tool

Govtrack.us [Web tool]. (n.d.). https://www.govtrack.us/

Govtrack.us (n.d.)

Directive 2013/32 of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2013 on Common Procedures for Granting and Withdrawing International Protection (recast), 2013 O.J. (L 108) 60.  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:TOC

(Directive 2013/32, 2013)

Proposal of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Common Procedure for International Protection in the Unionand Repealing Directive 2013/32/EU , COM (2016) 467 final (July 13, 2016). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0467  

(Proposal of the European Parliament, 2016)  

Congressional Research Services Reports

Sacco, L. (2014, March 6). Violence Against Women Act: Overview, legislation, and federal funding (CRS Report No. R42499). Hein Online.

Without author:

Congressional Research Services. (2015, May 26). Violence Against Women Act: Overview, legislation, and federal funding (CRS Report No. R42499). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R42499

With author:

(Sacco, 2014)

Sacco (2014) stated that ... (p. 18)

(Congressional Research Services, 2014)

Congressional Research Services (2014) stated that... (p. 18)

Executive Order from Whitehouse.gov

Trump, D. (2017, February 9). Presidential executive order on enforcing federal law with respect to transnational criminal organizations and preventing international trafficking. White House Press Office. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/09/presidential-executive-order-enforcing-federal-law-respect-transnational

Trump (2017)

(Trump, 2017, section 2(a))

Executive Orders in the Federal Register

Exec. Order. No. 13,515, 74 F.R. 53635 (2009). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/10/19/E9-25268/increasing- participation-of-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders-in-federal-programs

Exec. Order No. 13,515 (2009)

(Exec. Order No. 13,515, 2009, p. 53,637)

Memorandum From Other Departments or Agencies

Napolitano, J. (2012, June 15). Exercising prosecutorial discretion with respect to individuals who came to the United States as children [Memorandum]. United States Department of Homeland Security Digital Library. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=712428

Napolitano (2012)

(Napolitano, 2012, para. 5)

Letter From One Department to Another

Letter from Jessica Shahin, Assoc. Admin., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, to Elizabeth Berlin, Exec. Deputy Comm., New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance (Aug. 18, 2011). https://www.foodpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/SNAP-Waiver-Request-Decision.pdf

"Letter from Jessica Shahin" (2011)

("Letter from Jessica Shahin," 2011, para. 5)

Presidential Papers from the Public Papers of the Presidents

Remarks on a Parental Leave Initiative and an Exchange With Reporters, 2 Pub. Papers 2163 (Nov. 30, 1999). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PPP-1999-book2/pdf/PPP-1999-book2-doc-pg2163.pdf

"Remarks on a Parental Leave" (1999)

("Remarks on a Parental Leave," 1999, p. 2165)

Association of Social Work Boards. (2012). Return of organization exempt from income tax [Form 990] . http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/222/222414510/222414510_201212_990.pdf

(Association of Social Work Boards, 2012)

Bill summary from a database

Congressional Research Service. (1993, September 10). Violence Against Women Act of 1993: S. 11, 103rd Cong. Proquest Congressional.

(Congressional Research Service [CRS], 1993), successive citations as (CRS, 1993)

Congressional Research Service (1993)

Bill summary from Congress.gov

Congressional Research Service. (1993, September 10). Summary: S.11 - Violence Against Women Act of 1993. https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/senate-bill/11

Unnumbered Federal/ Committee Documents

Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 104th Cong., Rep. on Violence Against Women Act in action (Comm. Print 1995).

(Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1995)

Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1995)

Landmark education bill signed. (2002). CQ almanac 2001 (57th ed.). Congressional Quarterly.

"Landmark Education Bill" (2002)

("Landmark Education Bill," 2002, Highlights section)

Greenbook (Print/PDF)

Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives. (2004). 2004 green book: Background material and data on the programs within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (18th ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Committee on Ways and Means (2004) reported that enrollment in the AFDC soared in 1994, covering more than a fifth of children in the country (p. 7-2).

(Committee on Ways and Means, 2004, p. 7-2)

Greenbook (Web Version)

Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives. (2014). 2014 green book: Background material and data on the programs within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (22nd ed.). http://greenbook.waysandmeans.house.gov/2014-green-book

According to the Committee on Ways and Means (2014) 50% of the Employee Benefits program is covered federally and the other half is covered by the state (chapter 4, Introduction section, para. 3).

(Committee on Ways and Means, 2014, chapter 4, Introduction section, para. 3)

Code of Federal Regulations

8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2018-title8-vol1/CFR-2018-title8-vol1-sec101-1

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2018-title8-vol1/CFR-2018-title8-vol1-sec101-1

8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018).

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018).

Federal Register

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 68 Fed. Reg. 9832 (Feb. 28, 2003) (to be codified at 8 C.F.R. pt. 101). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2003/02/28/03-4935/aliens-and-nationality-homeland-security-reorganization-of-regulations

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 68 Fed. Reg. 9832 (2003)

State Codes

603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018). http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr28.html

Special Education, 603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018). http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr28.html

Massachuesetts

603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018)

Special Education, 603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018)

Congressional Record Daily

140 Cong. Rec. E1449 (daily ed. July 13, 1994) (statement of Rep. Schroeder).

(140 Cong. Rec. E1449, 1994)

In her statements to Congress, Rep. Schroeder stated that, "VAWA would send an unequivocal message that police, prosecutors, and judges, the public can no longer cast aside domestic violence and stalking as personal problems" (140 Cong. Rec. E1449, 1994).

Permanent Bound Edition of Congressional Record

140 Cong. Rec. 16496 (1994) (statement of Rep. Schroeder).

(140 Cong. Rec. 16496, 1994)

State Journals or Records

H. 166-1, 2nd Sess., at 89 (Nh. 2020). http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/house/caljourns/journals/2020/HJ_1.pdf

(H. 166-1, 2020)

Senate Report

S. Rep. No. 103-138 (1993).

Senate Report No. 103-138 (1993)

(S. Rep. No. 103-138, 1993)

House Report

H. Rep. No. 103-395 (1993).

House Report No. 103-395 (1993)

(H. Rep. No. 103-395, 1993)

Entire Hearing

Violence against women: Victims of the system: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senate , 102nd Cong. 1 (1991).

( Violence Against Women , 1991)

Testimony during the Hearing:

Violence against women: Victims of the system: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senate , 102nd Cong. 131 (1991) (testimony of Amy Kaylor).

( Violence Against Women , 1991, p. 131)

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796. (1994).

Violence Against Women Act of 1994, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1902.

Violence Against Women Act, 42 U.S.C. § 13701 (1994).

(Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act [VCCLEA], 1994), successive citations as (VCCLEA, 1994)

Unenacted Bill

Violence Against Women Act, H.R. 1502, 102nd Cong. (1991).

H.R. 1502, 102nd Cong. (1991).

(Violence Against Women Act [VAWA], 1991), successive citations as (VAWA, 1991)

(H.R 1502, 1991)

Enacted Bill

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, H.R. 3355, 103rd Cong. (1994) (enacted).

(Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 1994)

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